PHI Test #5

Freedom of action

the ability to act on your will within external impediment

Compatibilism

determinism is compatible with free will

Incompatibilism

if determinism is true, we have no free will

First-order desire

desire to act

Second-order desire

a desire about a first-order desire

Second-order volition

desire for a first-order desire to be your will / cause you to act

Person

any being with second-order volitions

Wanton

a being with first-order desires but no second-order volitions

Higher-order desire theory

Sane deep self theory

a person has free will when:

i. their deep self controls their will

and

ii. they are sane

State of the world

a complete list of:

i. every object that exists at t

and

ii. the properties of those objects at t

Ability to do otherwise

a person does an action A of their own free will only if they could have done otherwise than A

Untouchable fact

a fact that no human being in history has ever had the power to change

Untouchability principle

if it's an untouchable fact that p, and it's an untouchable fact that if p then q, then it's an untouchable fact that q

Libertarian incompatibilism

If determinism is true, then we have no free will. We do have free will

Self-forming actions

psychologically torn decisions by which we form our own dispositions and character traits

Hard determinism

if determinism is true, then we don’t have free will. We don’t have free will.

Retributivism

criminal punishment is justified because criminals deserve to be punished for their crimes

Contagion theory

criminal punishment is justified because - just like quarantine - it prevents the criminal from further harming society