Ch. 11: Disease and Disorders

T/F All microorganisms cause disease.

false

T/F Bacteria reproduce very slowly.

false

T/F Most fungi do not cause disease in humans.

true

T/F Trichinella spiralis is a roundworm that enters the body in infected meat eaten raw or undercooked.

true

T/F Untreated strep throat is not serious and does not lead to complications.

false

T/F A substance used to impart color to tissue or cells in order to study and identify microscopic organisms is called a stain.

true

T/F Bacteria that stain purple are gram positive.

true

T/F The study of all factors that cause disease is known as Etiology.

true

T/F Infarction is an area of dead tissue caused by an invasion of bacteria or loss of blood supply.

false

T/F Diseases caused by an error in the individual's genetic makeup is known as a hereditary disease.

true

T/F Bacterial infections of the skin include chickenpox.

false

T/F Anthrax and scarlet fever are bacterial infections of the skin.

true

T/F The most common type of anemia in the U.S. is sickle cell.

false

T/F The sudden onset of a disease marked by intensity is described as chronic.

false

T/F Thrombophlebitis occurs most commonly in the lower legs.

true

T/F Chronic is to develop gradually and persistent for a long period, often the remainder of a person's life.

true

T/F Mast cells are the primary source of histamine and heparin.

true

T/F Bacilli are spiral shaped bacteria.

false

T/F Cocci are spherical bacteria.

true

T/F Streptobacilli are bacteria in which the rods or filaments tend to fragment into chains.

true

A precancerous lesion which occurs on mucous membrane of the tongue and is common with smokers is

leukoplakia

A condition in which the heart is unable to pump adequate amounts of blood to the tissues and organs is

cardiac failure

The diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the brain, spinal cord, and nerve disorders are called

neurology

An inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord due usually to a bacterial infection from the ears, sinuses, lungs, or a brain abscess is called

meningitis

Which of the following functional changes would be least expected in patients with acute myocardial infarction

a decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure

A quick rising and collapsing (water hammer) pulse is a characterstic of

aortic regurgitation

A lift or heave is the rise with each heartbeat of the

sternum

Hypertension in the adult is defined as blood pressure greater than

140/90 mmHg

The precordium refers to the area of the chest overlying the

heart

A slow rising and sustained carotid pulse is a characteristic of

aortic stenosis

In cluster headaches

there may be a conjunctival injection and tearing of the eye on the involved side

Migraine headaches may be

heralded by visual disturbances; continuous, lasting for weeks; aggravated by oral contraceptives

The most common type of headache is a

tension headache

Variation in the shape of the red cells would be indicated as

poikkilocytosis

Erythroblastosis fetalis is an example of what type of disease found in newborns characterized by anemia, jaundice, liver and spleen enlargement?

hemolytic

A thrombotic occlusion is a/an

blocking of an artery by a clot

An inflammation of the skin usually causing itching and sometimes accompanied by scaling or blisters is

eczema

Coronary artery disease is directly associated with

restricted blood flow to the heart

A congenital defect consisting of the absence of a vertebral arch of the spinal column is called

spina bifida

Paralysis of the lower limbs and at varying degrees of the lower trunk is called

paraplegia

A seizure disorder affecting 1 to 2% of the population and is associated with electrical impulses from the neurons of the brain is

epilepsy

Persons incapable of forming melanin are called

albino

Increasing evidence has linked the disease Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) with

catastrophic lysis of platelets in the free circulation

Serum sickness

occurs only after the administration of foreign serums in humans

Individuals at risk for hemolytic reaction to transfused blood are those sensitized to red blood cell antigens by prior

transfusions and pregnancy

Hereditary angiedema (HANE)

manifests as recurrent bouts of edema involving peripheral structures as well as the larynx and bowel

Which of the following are characteristics of infantile eczema?

it is associated with red, raised, pruritic, scaling areas involving the cheeks, scalp, and diaper area

Which of the following may precipitate individual attacks of asthma?

-volatile irritants from organic solvents

-exposure to mists and dusts in individual plants

-inhalation of cold air

A condition indicating that certain elements are lacking in the blood

anemia

A mysterious condition that kills apparently healthy infants between the ages of 4 weeks and 7 months:

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

An acute bronchopneumonia which derived its name from a highly publicized incident where 182 people developed the disease at a convention in Philadelphia in 1976:

Legionnaires' disease

A metabolic bone disorder affecting primarily postmenopausal women and is characterized by the loss of calcium and phosphate from the bone:

osteoporosis

What chronic inflammatory disease attacks joints and surrounding tissues, and is intermittent with periods of remission?

rheumatoid arthritis

What contagious, superficial skin infection is usually seen in young children?

impetigo

A condition of excessive intraocular pressure which results in atrophy of the optic nerve is called:

glaucoma

A gradually developing cloudiness of the lens, occurring most frequently in persons over 70 years of age is

cataracts

Which of the following tissue changes are associated with uncomplicated asthma?

smooth muscle spasm, mucosal edema

A fragile organism called gonococcus bacteria causes which of the following?

gonorrhea

A chronic disease of insulin deficiency or resistance is

diabetes mellitus

A critical illness resulting in the sudden cessation of kidney function is

renal failure

A condition characterized by alternating periods of constipation and diarrhea is called

spastic colon

An encircled lesion in the mucous membrane lining of the stomach is

peptic ulcer

A crack or tear in the lining of the anus is referred to as

fissure

A condition characterized by frequent liquid stools is

diarrhea

Congenital anemia occurs primarily in African Americans and about 1 in 10 carry the abnormal gene called

sickle cell

The most potent stimulus to increasing coronary blood flow is called

local myocardial hypoxia

The medical term for the physician who treats skin disease is called

dermatologist

The term for disease producing is

pathogenic

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that involves the

pancreas

A medical specialty in which radioactive substances are used in diagnosis and treatment of disease is

nuclear medicine

Diagnosis and treatment of maladies of the musculoskeletal system

orthopedic surgery

Osteolysis means

dissolving of bone

Inflammation of the renal pelvis is referred to as

pyelonephritis

Leukemia is

a blood condition involving white cells

Intercostal refers to

between the ribs

Inside the cells is referred to as

intracellular

Hepatitis is inflammation of the

liver

A malignant tumor is referred to as

carcinoma

A malignant tumor of the epithelium is a

carcinoma

Pathology is

the study of disease

High blood pressure is referred to as

hypertension

A myoma is

a tumor of the muscle

Bradycardia refers to

slow heart beat

Infection refers to

sepsis

Remission refers to

lessening of symptoms

Relapse refers to

recurrence of symptoms

Pancytopenia refers to a

decrease in all blood cells

Metastasis refers to

growth of cancer cells from one tissue to another

Liver enlargement is referred to as

hepatomegaly

An abnormal increase in red cells is called

erthrocytosis

One who studies disease is a

pathologist

Inflammation of the joint and bone is referred to as

osteoarthritis

Hysteropathy refers to

any uterine disorder

An allergy is

a state of hypersensitivity

Anemias are diseases of the

red blood cells