M 2-3 Ancient Mesopotamian Art (Spring 2025)

Ziggurat

A stepped pyramid structure used in ancient Mesopotamia as temples.

Cuneiform

The first system of writing developed by the Sumerians.

Votive Figures

Sculptures dedicated to gods, used as stand-ins for individuals in worship.

Lamassu

A mythical creature with a human head, the body of a bull or lion, and wings, often placed at entrances.

Hammurabi’s Code

A stele with 282 laws and punishments, established by King Hammurabi to promote social order.

Ishtar Gate

A monumental gate in Babylon, decorated with glazed terracotta tiles, constructed during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II.

Gudea Votive Figure

A statue representing Gudea, the governor of Lagash, symbolizing just rulership.

Akkadian Empire

An ancient empire in Mesopotamia, known for its kings being elevated to divine status.

Neo-Babylonian Empire

A period in Babylon's history marked by significant construction and cultural achievements under King Nebuchadnezzar II.

Ashurnasirpal II

An Assyrian king known for building the capital city of Nimrud and using relief sculptures for propaganda.

Cuneiform Inscriptions

Written records in cuneiform script, often found on monuments and artifacts from ancient Mesopotamia.

Sumerians

Ancient people known for creating some of the first cities, writing, and complex societies in Mesopotamia.