Study Guide for APUSH Period 4 Test

DEI

APUSH

Format of Test

44 minutes, 34 Multiple Choice Questions, 26 Stimulus Based Questions, 8 Regular Multiple Choice, 1 Short Answer Question

Thomas Jefferson

3rd President of the United States, principal author of the Declaration of Independence.

Embargo Act of 1807

A law that prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports.

Utopian communities

Idealistic societies that attempted to create a perfect living environment.

Revolution of 1800

The election of Thomas Jefferson, marking the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties in the U.S.

War Hawks

Members of Congress who pushed for war against Britain in the lead-up to the War of 1812.

Temperance Movement

A social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages.

Louisiana Purchase/Constitution Predicament

The acquisition of the Louisiana territory from France in 1803, raising constitutional questions about presidential power.

Common Schools

Public schools that were funded by local taxes and open to all children.

Andrew Jackson/Battle of New Orleans

The final major battle of the War of 1812, which took place after the Treaty of Ghent was signed.

Lewis and Clark

Explorers tasked with mapping the newly acquired Louisiana Territory.

Hartford Convention

A series of meetings in 1814-1815 where New England Federalists discussed their grievances concerning the War of 1812.

Abolitionist Movement

A movement aimed at ending slavery in the United States.

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the United States who established the principle of judicial review.

Monroe Doctrine

A U.S. policy opposing European colonialism in the Americas, articulated in 1823.

Frederick Douglass

A former enslaved person who became a leading abolitionist and orator.

Marbury v. Madison

The 1803 case that established the principle of judicial review.

Cotton Gin

A machine invented by Eli Whitney that revolutionized the cotton industry by speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber.

Republican motherhood

The idea that women should educate their children in the principles of republicanism.

Judicial Review

The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional.

Cult of domesticity

A prevailing value system among the upper and middle classes during the 19th century that emphasized women's roles in the home.

McCulloch v. Maryland

The 1819 Supreme Court case that established the federal government's implied powers.

Universal White male suffrage

The right to vote for all white males, regardless of property ownership.

The peculiar institution

A euphemism for slavery in the South.

Popular election of president

The process by which the president is elected by a direct vote of the people.

Era of Good Feelings

A period of national unity and political cooperation in the United States following the War of 1812.

Second Middle Passage

The internal slave trade within the United States, particularly from the Upper South to the Lower South.

Spoils system

The practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.

James Monroe

5th President of the United States, known for the Monroe Doctrine.

Paternalism

The practice of managing or governing individuals in a manner similar to that of a father to his children.

Rotation in office

The practice of periodically replacing government officials to prevent the entrenchment of power.

Tariff of 1816

The first protective tariff in U.S. history, aimed at protecting American industry.

Pro-slavery argument

The rationale used by supporters of slavery to justify its existence.

Election of 1824/Corrupt bargain

The controversial election where John Quincy Adams was elected president despite losing the popular vote.

Henry Clay and American System

A plan proposed by Henry Clay to promote economic growth through protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements.

Revolution of 1828

The election of Andrew Jackson, which marked a shift towards greater democracy.

Underground Railroad/Harriet Tubman

A network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved people to escape to free states, with Harriet Tubman being a key figure.

Second Bank of the United States

A national bank chartered in 1816 that regulated currency and credit.

Indian Removal Act

A law passed in 1830 that authorized the removal of Native Americans from their lands.

Fugitive slave

An enslaved person who escaped from their owner.

Panic of 1819

The first major financial crisis in the United States, leading to widespread foreclosures and bank failures.

Worcester v. Georgia

The 1832 Supreme Court case that ruled that the state of Georgia could not impose its laws on Native American lands.

The Amistad

A Spanish slave ship that was taken over by its captives in 1839, leading to a landmark Supreme Court case.

Missouri Compromise

An agreement in 1820 that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

Trail of Tears

The forced removal of Cherokee Indians from Georgia to Oklahoma in the 1830s.

Denmark Vesey's conspiracy

An 1822 planned slave revolt in Charleston, South Carolina, that was discovered before it could be executed.

Tallmadge Amendment

An 1819 proposal to prohibit the further introduction of slavery in Missouri.

Nullification Crisis

A confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government over the state's attempt to nullify federal tariffs.

Nat Turner's Rebellion

A slave rebellion led by Nat Turner in Virginia in 1831 that resulted in the deaths of many people.

Lancaster Turnpike

A major road in Pennsylvania that was one of the first long-distance paved roads in the United States.

Bank Veto

Andrew Jackson's veto of the recharter of the Second Bank of the United States in 1832.

Erie Canal

A man-made waterway that connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie, facilitating trade.

Telegraph

A communication device that transmitted messages over wires using Morse code.

Democrats v. Whigs

The two major political parties in the 19th century, with differing views on government and economic policy.

Factory System

A method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labor.

Romanticism

An artistic and intellectual movement emphasizing emotion and individualism.

Transcendentalism

A philosophical movement that emphasized the inherent goodness of people and nature, associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry Thoreau.

2nd Great Awakening

A religious revival movement in the early 19th century that emphasized personal faith and social reform.

Oneida Community

A utopian community founded in 1839 known for its practice of complex marriage.