Geometry and Congruence Review

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers essential geometric terms, congruence tests, similarity principles, and properties of quadrilaterals based on the practice test notes.

Congruent Triangles

Triangles that are identical in size and shape, where all corresponding sides and angles are equal.

Similarity (Similar Triangles)

Geometric figures that have the same shape but different sizes; their corresponding angles are equal and their corresponding sides are in the same ratio.

SAS (Side-Angle-Side)

A test for triangle congruence stating that if two sides and the included angle of one triangle are equal to two sides and the included angle of another, the triangles are congruent.

SSS (Side-Side-Side)

A test for triangle congruence where all three sides of one triangle are equal to the three corresponding sides of another triangle.

AAS (Angle-Angle-Side)

A test for triangle congruence where two angles and one corresponding side are equal.

ASA (Angle-Side-Angle)

A test for triangle congruence where two angles and the included side between them are equal in both triangles.

RHS (Right-angle-Hypotenuse-Side)

A test for congruence in right-angled triangles where the hypotenuse and one other side are equal.

Parallelogram

A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides, where opposite sides and opposite angles are equal.

Scale Factor

The ratio of the length of a side of an enlarged or reduced figure to the length of the corresponding side of the original figure.

Enlargement

A transformation that changes the size of a plane figure while keeping its shape exactly the same, designated by a centre of enlargement and a scale factor.

Centre of Enlargement

A fixed point from which a figure is enlarged or reduced in a geometric transformation.

Pronumeral

A letter or symbol used in a mathematical expression or equation to represent an unknown value.

Rhombus

A specific type of parallelogram where all four sides are of equal length.

Kite

A quadrilateral with two distinct pairs of adjacent equal-length sides, whose diagonals meet at right angles.

Trapezium

A quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides.

Rectangle

A parallelogram with four right angles ($90^{\circ}$), where diagonals are equal and bisect each other.

Square

A regular quadrilateral that is both a rectangle and a rhombus, having four equal sides and four right angles ($90^{\circ}$).

Volume of a Cube

The space occupied by a cube, calculated as the side length elevated to the power of three; for a side length of $2x$, the volume is $(2x)^3 = 8x^3$.

Congruence Statement

A mathematical statement, such as $\Delta ABC \cong \Delta PQR$, that identifies which vertices of the first triangle correspond to the vertices of the second triangle.

AAA (Angle-Angle-Angle)

A condition where all three corresponding angles are equal, proving that triangles are similar but not necessarily congruent.