[ESSAY] Work or Else

contemporary society (noun phrase) /kənˈtemprəri səˈsaɪəti/

xã hội đương đại / hiện nay
[modern human society, especially in the present era with its cultural and technological conditions]
In ~, people are often judged by their professional success.

securing a prestigious occupation (verb phrase) /sɪˈkjʊərɪŋ ə preˈstɪdʒəs ˌɒkjʊˈpeɪʃən/

đạt được một nghề nghiệp danh giá
[obtaining or achieving a highly respected and well-regarded job position]
Many graduates focus on ~ rather than pursuing their true passions.

regarded as a crucial component (verb phrase) /rɪˈɡɑːdɪd æz ə ˈkruːʃəl kəmˈpəʊnənt/

được xem là một yếu tố then chốt
[considered an essential or vital part of something]
Education is ~ of personal and national development.

vocational calling (noun phrase) /vəʊˈkeɪʃənl ˈkɔːlɪŋ/

tiếng gọi nghề nghiệp / sứ mệnh nghề nghiệp
[a strong feeling of suitability or purpose toward a particular career or occupation]
He became a teacher out of a deep ~ to educate children.

relentlessly pursue (verb phrase) /rɪˈlentləsli pəˈsjuː/

theo đuổi không ngừng nghỉ
[to continue striving toward a goal with determination and without giving up]
She ~ her dream of becoming a doctor despite numerous challenges.

purposeful existence (noun phrase) /ˈpɜːpəsfəl ɪɡˈzɪstəns/

cuộc sống có mục đích
[a life guided by meaning, direction, and intentional goals]
Living a ~ can bring lasting happiness and satisfaction.

excessive devotion (noun phrase) /ɪkˈsesɪv dɪˈvəʊʃən/

sự cống hiến quá mức
[too much dedication or commitment to something, often leading to imbalance]
His ~ to work caused tension in his family life.

vital domains (noun phrase) /ˈvaɪtl dəʊˈmeɪnz/

lĩnh vực thiết yếu / quan trọng
[essential areas or aspects of life such as health, family, or work]
Emotional stability and physical health are ~ of overall well-being.

existential fulfillment (noun phrase) /ˌeɡzɪˈstenʃəl fʊlˈfɪlmənt/

sự thỏa mãn về mặt tồn tại / ý nghĩa sống
[a sense of meaning, purpose, and satisfaction derived from life itself]
People often seek ~ through meaningful relationships and contributions.

intrinsic motivations (noun phrase) /ɪnˈtrɪnzɪk ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃənz/

động lực nội tại
[internal drives to engage in activities for personal satisfaction or growth]
Students with ~ tend to perform better academically.

intellectual and professional repertoire (noun phrase) /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl ənd prəˈfeʃənl ˈrepətwɑː/

kho tàng tri thức và chuyên môn
[the full range of intellectual knowledge and professional skills someone possesses]
A diverse ~ helps individuals adapt to changing job demands.

channel their aspirations (verb phrase) /ˈtʃænl ðeər ˌæspəˈreɪʃənz/

hướng nguyện vọng của họ vào
[to direct or focus one’s ambitions or dreams toward a specific goal]
Young people should ~ into meaningful pursuits.

psychological well-being (noun phrase) /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl wel ˈbiːɪŋ/

sức khỏe tâm lý
[a state of mental health characterized by positive emotions and life satisfaction]
Regular exercise contributes significantly to ~.

socio-emotional competencies (noun phrase) /ˈsəʊsiəʊ ɪˈməʊʃənl ˈkɒmpɪtənsiːz/

năng lực xã hội – cảm xúc
[skills to manage emotions, build relationships, and interact socially]
Schools aim to develop ~ alongside academic achievement.

valuable social capital (noun phrase) /ˈvæljʊəbl ˈsəʊʃl ˈkæpɪtl/

vốn xã hội quý giá
[the networks and relationships that provide social and professional support]
Strong friendships form a source of ~ in adulthood.

optimistic life perspective (noun phrase) /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk laɪf pəˈspektɪv/

quan điểm sống lạc quan
[a positive outlook on life and its future possibilities]
Maintaining an ~ helps people cope with difficulties.

occupational attainment (noun phrase) /ˌɒkjʊˈpeɪʃənl əˈteɪnmənt/

thành tựu nghề nghiệp
[the level of success or achievement reached in one’s career]
Education level is a major predictor of ~.

indispensable contributors (noun phrase) /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl kənˈtrɪbjʊtəz/

những người đóng góp không thể thiếu
[people who play an essential role in achieving something]
Teachers are ~ to the nation’s intellectual growth.

holistic life satisfaction (noun phrase) /həʊˈlɪstɪk laɪf ˌsætɪsˈfækʃən/

sự hài lòng toàn diện về cuộc sống
[a complete sense of fulfillment across all areas of life]
True happiness comes from ~ rather than wealth alone.

material success (noun phrase) /məˈtɪəriəl səkˈses/

thành công vật chất
[financial or tangible achievements such as money, property, or status]
He prioritized ~ over emotional well-being.

emotional deprivation (noun phrase) /ɪˈməʊʃənl ˌdeprɪˈveɪʃən/

thiếu thốn tình cảm
[a lack of emotional warmth, support, or affection]
Children suffering from ~ may struggle with relationships later in life.

weakened relationships (noun phrase) /ˈwiːkənd rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪps/

mối quan hệ bị suy yếu
[connections between people that have become less strong or intimate]
Long working hours can lead to ~ among family members.

high achievers (noun phrase) /haɪ əˈtʃiːvəz/

người có thành tích cao
[people who consistently perform better than average in their fields]
~ often experience stress due to constant pressure to succeed.

judicious approach (noun phrase) /dʒuːˈdɪʃəs əˈprəʊtʃ/

cách tiếp cận khôn ngoan / thận trọng
[a wise and careful way of handling a situation]
A ~ to work–life balance ensures long-term satisfaction.

harmonious integration (noun phrase) /hɑːˈməʊniəs ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃən/

sự hòa hợp / tích hợp hài hòa
[a smooth and balanced combination of different aspects or elements]
~ between career and family life is vital for well-being.

financial stability (noun phrase) /faɪˈnænʃl stəˈbɪləti/

sự ổn định tài chính
[a steady and secure financial condition]
Achieving ~ allows individuals to focus on personal growth.

self-actualisation (noun) /self ˌæktʃuəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

sự tự hiện thực hóa bản thân
[the realization or fulfillment of one’s potential and abilities]
~ is often seen as the highest level of human motivation.

intrinsic value (noun phrase) /ɪnˈtrɪnzɪk ˈvæljuː/

giá trị nội tại / vốn có
[the inherent worth of something independent of external factors]
Helping others has ~ beyond financial rewards.

emotional support (noun phrase) /ɪˈməʊʃənl səˈpɔːt/

sự hỗ trợ về mặt tình cảm
[comfort and reassurance given to someone experiencing difficulties]
Close friends provide crucial ~ during stressful times.

companionship (noun) /kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/

tình bạn / sự đồng hành
[the pleasant feeling of being with someone you like and trust]
Elderly people often value ~ more than wealth.

unfulfilling (adjective) /ˌʌnfʊlˈfɪlɪŋ/

không mang lại sự thỏa mãn
[not giving satisfaction or meaning]
Many find high-paying jobs ~ if they lack passion for the work.

pivotal role (noun phrase) /ˈpɪvətl rəʊl/

vai trò then chốt / quan trọng
[a role that is central or essential to success or development]
Teachers play a ~ in shaping students’ future values.

undermine well-being (verb phrase) /ˌʌndəˈmaɪn wel ˈbiːɪŋ/

làm suy giảm sức khỏe / hạnh phúc
[to weaken or harm someone’s physical or mental health]
Excessive stress can ~ and cause burnout.

sustainable happiness (noun phrase) /səˈsteɪnəbl ˈhæpinəs/

hạnh phúc bền vững
[a long-lasting sense of satisfaction not dependent on external rewards]
Gratitude and balance are key to achieving ~.

purposeful existence (noun phrase) /ˈpɜːpəsfəl ɪɡˈzɪstəns/

cuộc sống có mục đích
[a life led with intention, direction, and meaning]
Volunteering gives her a sense of ~ and belonging.
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