AREC 365 MIDTERM

MIDTERM 1

Approximately what proportion of the worlds population suffers from hunger today

10 percent

According to the world health organization, approximately how many children die every year from hunger?

3 million

one of the factors influencing the future demand and supply of food is

prosperity

most hunger related deaths occur among 

preschool children

Global quality of life will hing of whether world food supply grows faster or slower than

world population

the factor other than weather situations which suppressed food output in Zimbabwe in the early 200s was

a government program to redistribute land

concerning the irish potato famine, which was more important 

insufficient income for the poor to purchase the food they needed 

All of the following are policy interventions that the economics literature (as reviewed by ravillion) indicates would be helpful during a famine except:

food production quotas

the root of the famine in Sudan in 2015 is the internal political conflict in that country

true

how many people were estimated to have died in the Chinese Great Leap Forward Famine 

maybe as many as 45 million

According to the World Health Organization, approximately how many children die every year from hunger 

3 million

which of the following is the most common form of child undernutrition

lack of sufficient calories

international food assistance during a famine can be less effective under which conditions:

a.  The distribution of food aid is improperly carried out or there is corruption ; b. When it discourages local food production ; c. When there is enough local food supply

In the 1840s, a third of the Irish households depended almost exclusively on one of the following for food

potatoes

In the North Korean Famine from 1994-1998, the response of the Korean government made things better for its citizens.

 

False

Which kind of malnutrition reduces nutrient absorption by the body? 

 

Secondary malnutrition

Which of the following are examples of plants that benefit from nitrogen fixing bacteria and therefore represent good sources of bio-available nitrogen? [multiple answers possible]

peas, alfafa, and beans

What micronutrient deficiencies cause or exacerbate the following diseases/conditions? - Rickets

vitamin D What micronutrient deficiencies cause or exacerbate the following diseases/conditions?

What micronutrient deficiencies cause or exacerbate the following diseases/conditions? - Scurvy

Vitamin C

What micronutrient deficiencies cause or exacerbate the following diseases/conditions? - Cretinism 

Iodine 

What micronutrient deficiencies cause or exacerbate the following diseases/conditions? - night blindness

Vitamin A

What micronutrient deficiencies cause or exacerbate the following diseases/conditions? - Anemia

iron

PCM or PEM can only be solved by

increasing amount of food eaten

Micronutrient malnutrition is most easily tackled through food fortification.

True

In the North Korean Famine from 1994-1998, the response of the Korean government made things better for its citizens.

False

How many people were estimated to have died in the Chinese Great Leap Forward Famine?

maybe as many as 45 million

Why the RDA for calories no longer reported to the public? 

 

It would encourage people to consume too many calories

What is the difference between a calorie and a kilocalorie? [multiple correct answers possible]

a.  strictly speaking a kilocalorie is 1000 calories ; b. In the nutrition literature, labeling is imperfect and they are actually the same.

Protein-calorie malnutrition is a major source of nutrition-related disease

true 

The Shakir arm circumference test is a useful measure of under nutrition in infants because

a.  

The tester does not have to be able to read, b.  For children between 1 and 5 years, the tester does not need to know the exact age of the child, c. The materials needed to perform the test are inexpensive

Which of the following are concerns to consider in using the dietary recall or record method to assess nutritional status? 

a. Cooks simplify diets to make record keeping easier

b. Even when people remember what they ate, the exact quantity they consumed is difficult to estimate.

c. It is difficult for people to recall exactly what they ate in the past few days.

d. Dietary recall involves expensive surveys and interviews

• all answer choices

Which of these is a valid reference group for height-for-age using the anthropometric assessment?

 

Measurements of other individuals from the same region and sex

In Vietnam, average height increased with birth year from 1920 to the late 1950s, when the Vietnam War started.

True

The food insecurity score is different from other measures of nutrition because 

 

it includes the stress some people experience trying to obtain an adequate diet

which of the following statements concerning infants and children is false 

there is no evidence that intellectual impairment in undernourished children can be reversed 

Better nutrition makes it more likely that a person will reach their genetic height potential. However, there is no evidence that being short has any negative economic consequences. 

false

What does it mean, in the context of this chapter, that deaths are associated with malnutrition? Pick the BEST answer. 

 

Malnutrition means that people are more likely to die when they contract a disease

Studies like that of agricultural workers in Colombia and the U.S. in 1976, showing that under nourished workers have reduced capacity, suggest the possibility that some people may be too hungry to work hard enough to earn the money to eat more food. 

true 

In which region of the world is the proportion  of undernourished people the highest?

 

Sub-Saharan Africa

Social bias and gender rules matter to the nutritional status of groups

true

Which group is most vulnerable to undernutrition?

children

A subclinical disorder is one that is not likely to lead you to go to the doctor. You are suffering, but you don't really feel the immediate effects. 

One such disorder, tropical enteropathy, results in

 

Children is South Asia receive less nutrition from the same diet as those without the disorder

Note that in Figure 7.6c, the graph reads as a "cumulative proportion," which means that the categories are added. So if you look at the vertical line from 25 you see that

• about 60 percent of calories come from staples

• staples +  pulses add up to about 70 percent of calories

• staples + pulses + fruits and vegetables add up to about 75 percent of calories

• staple + pulses + fruits and vegetables+ cooking oils, etc. add up to about 83 percent of calories

• Animal products make up the last category to add up to 100%. 

The same pattern holds for figure 7.6 d and 7.7

Question: 

In Figure 7.7 what category of foods increases the most as a proportion of the diet when incomes increase?

fats

Note that in Figure 7.6c, the graph reads as a "cumulative proportion," which means that the categories are added. So if you look at the vertical line from 25 you see that

• about 60 percent of calories come from staples

• staples +  pulses add up to about 70 percent of calories

• staples + pulses + fruits and vegetables add up to about 75 percent of calories

• staple + pulses + fruits and vegetables+ cooking oils, etc. add up to about 83 percent of calories

• Animal products make up the last category to add up to 100%. 

The same pattern holds for figure 7.6 d and 7.7

Question: 

What type of food makes up the largest proportion of the energy content of the diet of the poorest people in East Java (1977-1978)

cassava