unit 5 history

republic

a government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote for elected representatives.

cornwallis

british general who played key roles in british victories at brandywine, philadelphia, and in the south, but surrendered at yorktown which effectively ended the american revolution.

hessians

german mercenary troops hired by the british to fight in the revolution.

ethan allen

vermont landowner and leader of the vigilante militia outfit that captured ft. ticonderoga.

breeds hill

actual location of the misnames battle of bunker hill.

tories

name given to colonists who remained loyal to king george the third and great britain during the revolution.

paul revere

sliver smith and patriot activist whose midnight ride roused the minutemen before the battles of lexington and concord.

green mountain boys

vigilante militia group led by ethan allen

marquis de lafayette

foreign officer who aided the continental army, devoted to general washington, and vital to the victory at yorktown.

ben franklin

printer, author, editor, inventor, sciencetist, philosopher, diplomat, and revolutionary activist who was instrumental in negotiating french aid in the revolution.

light horse harry lee

considered to be the most dashing and daring american calvery leader in revolution.

mad anthony wanye

most skillful of all american commanders to serve and his victory at the battle of fallen timbers after the war brought relative peace

francis marion

wily leader of patriot guerilla forces in the carolinas and was known as the swamp fox

benedict arnold

most notorious traitor of the american revolution

philadelphia

american capital and home of the continental congress

baron von steuben

prussian general in volunteer service to the continental army who worked to train the continentals to european standards

john hancock

activist for the cause of independence who served as president of the continental congress and who has the most conspicuous signature on the declaration of independence

olive branch petition

document sent by the continental congress as a final attempt to stop the revolution by declaring continued loyalty and a final appeal to the king to repeal the intolerable acts

thomas jefferson

primary author of the declaration of independence and third POTUS

john paul jones

scottish-born american naval hero whose record of naval victories was unmatched by either side

patrick henry

fiery orator of the revolution with a stirring speech that concluded… “Give me liberty or give me death!”

final words of nathan hale

“i only regret that i have but one life to give for my country.”

last royal governor who became the commander of british forces in american in 1774

thomas hutchinson

who assumed thomas hutchinson’s command in 1778 and made the decision to bring war to the south?

thomas gage

the southern strategy

name given to the plan put into action by the british to capture southern colonies with the help of southern loyalist

samuel adams

boston brewer who was a delegate to the continental congress and was also the key organizer of the boston tea party

new york

american city that was home of the british headquarters at the beginning of the revolution

long island

where the british relocated when they were forced to evacuate new york

primary importance of the capture of ft. ticonderoga

a passageway to canada and gave the americans cannons and supplies

first major battle of the american revolution

battle of lexington and concord

what was the outcome of the battle of lexington and concord

colonial militia forces laid siege to the city of boston

how many reasons were listed on the declaration of independence for the colonies to break away from great britain

3 reasons

3 unalienable rights listed in the declaration

life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

what source do governments derive their “just powers”?

the people who live under the government

what date was the declaration of independence signed

august 2, 1776

thomas paine was the author of what two pamphlets?

“common sense” and “the american crisis”

what battles were the british defeated when general washington crossed the delaware river on christmas night, 1776 to launch a surprise attack

battles of trenton and princeton

what battle is considered to be the major turning point of the american revolution?

the battle of saratoga

valley forge

location that the continental army was encamped at

battle of long island

battles that the continental army were defeated by the british with the help of over 8,000 hessians

yorktown

american victory led to the surrender of cornwallis and the end of all serious fighting in the revolution

south carolina

location of the battle in which the defeat of the british led them to bandon their southern strategy

weaknesses

-lack of training and organization

-lack of equipment and money

-loyalist opposed the patriots

-had few cannons and gunpowder

strengths

-fought for a cause they believed in

-owned rifles and were excellent marksmen

-received foreign aid

-”home-field” advantage

-leadership of washington

2 central themes of thomas paine’s common sense

republic government was inherently superior to a monarchy and liberty and the equality of rights were the birthright of all humanity.

3 main purposes of the declaration of independence

to win public support, to outline a new theory of government, and a formal declaration of war against great britain

thomas jefferson’s ideas and philosophy of government came from what two main sources

john locke’s theories of “natural rights” and colonist won experiences in self government

two main factors that influenced france to join the american revolution

revenge and to strategically weaken great britain

5 main terms of 1783 treaty of paris b

1. great britain recognized the independence of the united states

2. u.s. received land from great lakes south to florida and from the mississippi river east to the atlantic ocean.

3. rights and property of all loyalist was to be restored

4. british agree to evacuate u.s. territory

5. spain is given florida