Islamic Civ Final Study Guide

Which Abbasid caliph founded Baghdad (madinat al-salam)?

Al Mansur

The Abbasid revolution of 750 was successful largely because it

claimed legitimacy through the prophet's family

The Wazir was best described as the

chief minister of civilian administration

which bureau handled land taxation

diwan al kharaj

bayt al-hikma is best described as:

a translation and learning center

which shi'a group established the fatimid caliphate

isma'ilis

ashura commemorates

the martydom of Husayn at Karbala

The term fiqh refers to

interpretation of islamic law

which sunni legal school relied most strictly on sound hadith?

hanbali

al ghazali is most closely associated with

Reconciling Sufism with islamic law

The abbasid capital baghdad was also called

Madinat al-salam

The postal and intelligence bureau was known as the

diwan al-barid

a judge in islamic law was called a

qadi

the shia belief in the designation of the imam is called

nass

the institution of higher learning in the islamic world was the

madrassa

wazir

the chief minister of the abbasid state who oversaw civilian administration. the position reflected the increasing bureaucratization of Abbasid governance

bayt al mal

the state treasury responsible for managing public finances. It funded administration, military salaries, and public works

mahdi

a divinely guided leader expected to return at the end of time. This belief is especially central in Twelver Shi'a islam

bayt al hikma

House of Wisdom in baghdad, where scholars translated Greek, Persian, and indian texts. It symbolized Abbasid support for learning.

madhab

a school of islamic law. these schools systematized legal interpretation and limited the authority of rulers over law

explain how the abbasid governance differed from ummayad governance

The abbasids relied on bureaucratic administration and broader muslim support, unlike the ummayads' arab centered rule. They ruled from baghdad rather than damasxus and emphasized islamic rather than tribal legitimacy

why were the 'ulama important in the development of Islamic law?

the 'ulama interpreted islamic law independently of political rulers. their authority helped prevent caliphs from controlling religious law

explain the religious significance of karbala for shia muslims

karbala marked the martyrdom of Husayn, reinforcing shi'a ideals of sacrifice and justice. it shaped shia identity through mourning rituals like 'ashura

Discuss how Islamic law developed after the death of Muhammad. Be sure reference legal scholars, sources of law, and institutions

quran and hadith as sources, rold of jurists, development of madhabs, separation of law from political authority

explain how the abbasid caliphate became a center of learning and science

translation movement, bayt al hikma, patronage of scholars, development of science and medicine