A&P1:Lab3Tissues

What is a tissue

A group of cells similar in structure and function.

What are the 4 major types of tissue?

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.

What does epithelial tissue do?

Covers surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands.

What does connective tissue do?

Supports, connects, protects, and packages body structures.

What does muscle tissue do?

Contracts to produce movement.

What does nervous tissue do?

Transmits electrical signals.

What are the major functions of epithelial tissue?

Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception.

Where is epithelial tissue found?

Covering body surfaces, lining body cavities, and forming glands.

What are the 2 ways epithelial tissue is classified?

Number of cell layers and cell shape.

What does "simple" mean?

One layer of cells.

What does "stratified" mean?

Two or more layers of cells.

What does "squamous" mean?

Flat/scale-like cells.

What does "cuboidal" mean?

Cube-shaped cells.

What does "columnar" mean?

Tall/column-shaped cells.

What does pseudostratified mean?

looks multilayered, but it is actually a single layer of cells.

What is the apical surface of epithelial tissue?

The free/upper surface facing the outside or a body cavity.

What is the basement membrane?

A supporting layer that anchors epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue.

Characteristics of epithelial tissue

specialized contacts (close to form membranes), polarity (1 free edge), supported by connective tissue, avascular but innervated (no blood supply but depend on diffusion of nutrients), and regenerative

What does simple squamous epithelium look like?

One thin layer of flat cells.

What is the main function of simple squamous epithelium?

Rapid diffusion/filtration.

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

Kidney, air sacs of lungs, and lining of the heart.

What does simple cuboidal epithelium look like?

One layer of cube-shaped cells, flat paper ready to fold into tubes

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

Kidney tubules

What is a major function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

Secretion and absorption

What does simple columnar epithelium look like?

One layer of tall, column-shaped cells, river

Where is simple columnar epithelium found?

Digestive tract, including the small and large intestines.

What are major functions of simple columnar epithelium?

Absorption and secretion

Where is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium found?

Upper respiratory tract and trachea.

What do the cilia do?

Help move mucus and trapped particles.

Why does pseudostratified epithelium look stratified?

The cells have nuclei at different heights, making it appear multilayered, fake teeth

What is stratified squamous epithelium best suited for?

Areas subject to friction/abrasion.

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

Skin/epidermis and esophagus.

What is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Stratified squamous epithelium with a protective keratin layer, such as the epidermis of skin.

What is the special ability of transitional epithelium and where is it?

It can stretch and it is in the Urinary system, especially the urinary bladder.

What is the most widespread tissue in the body?

Connective tissue.

What are the major types of connective tissue?

Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.

What are the 3 types of connective tissue fibers and what do they provide?

Collagen (strength) elastic (stretch), and reticular fibers (supporting network for cells)

What is areolar connective tissue and its functions?

loose connective tissue with a soft, jelly-like matrix and packages, supports tissues and helps form basement membranes

Where is areolar connective tissue found?

Widely distributed throughout the body, everywhere

What is adipose tissue and its functions?

Fat tissue and insulates against heat loss and provides reserve fuel/energy

Where is adipose tissue commonly found?

Everywhere, Under the skin and around organs

What is dense regular connective tissue used for and where is it found?

Attaching bones to bones and muscles to bones and found in tendons and ligaments.

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Ends of long bones, nose, and embryonic skeleton also in Larynx, costal cartilages of the ribs

What is a major function of hyaline cartilage?

Support and smooth surfaces at joints.

Where is elastic cartilage found and why is it different?

External ear and epiglottis (throat) and It contains elastic fibers, allowing flexibility

What is osseous tissue and its function?

Bone and Provides support and acts as a lever for muscles.