ANSC 301 - Exam 3 - Really know

When would you expect to observe the highest rate of total protein synthesis in a sheep?

During the second week of life

The Barker Hypothesis proposed that the diet of the mother can have a long-term effect on the fetus. This may occur through?

Epigenetic modifications

Which of the following VFAs is converted to a ketone in the rumen wall and liver?

Butyrate

Feeding soluble fiber, like that in oats, can decrease concentration of what in the blood?

Cholesterol

The nutritional value D-methionine is?

Is 80% of the L-form

You determine a cow has ketosis. What should you do?

Determine if there is an additional "primary" disease

Animals with low fat reserves are not fertile because of?

Low leptin secretion

Which of the following is a "stronger" acid that drives rumen pH lower than the others?

Lactate

Which of the following is generally correct about the amino acid profiles of feeds?

Mixing plant sources creates a more ideal profile

Enterotoxemia or "overeating disease" in lambs is caused by?

Toxin produced by a bacteria

The majority of ammonia emissions in the United States come from?

Livestock

Which calf would have the greatest rumen development?

The calf that is eating grain in addition to drinking milk replacer

Which of the following would you feed your older dog to help with arthritis since it decreases inflammation?

Omega-3 FA like DHA (22:6 n-3)

Growth depression from an excess of one amino acid that cannot be reversed by adding a second amino acid is called?

Amino Acid Toxicity

It takes 300g of Feed A, but 600g of Feed B, to meet the protein requirement of a growing pig. You could say that?

Feed A has a higher biological value

As an animal ages its metabolic rate per pound?

decreases

If they were the same size, which of the following would you expect to have the highest basal metabolic rate?

Bull (male)

Compensatory gain is very rapid and efficient gain after an animal has been fed a low energy diet. What explains some of this efficiency?

Decreased maintenance energy requirement

Transfer of the amino group from one amino acid to a keto-acid is called?

transamination

A sow (pig) was just bred. How would you recommend feeding her for the first trimester?

Feed her at about her normal maintenance requirements so she does not fain or lose too much weight

Which of the following is considered an essential fatty acid?

Linoleic acid (18:2 n-6)

You find high levels of ketones in a cow's milk. It is likely that she has or will develop?

Fatty liver disease

To determine the methionine requirement you decide to feed increasing amounts of it to determine when additional growth does not occur. This is an example of using?

The broken stick model

Generally milk composition reflects?

Nutrients needed by the offspring

There is one very anxious and easily excitable calf in a pen. This calf?

Likely has a higher metabolic rate

Ruminants use which of the following as the main carbon source to synthesize fat?

Acetate

A dairy cow today produce much more CO2 than a dairy cow 90 years ago. This is ok because?

CO2 per kg of milk has decreased over 60%

What period of pregnancy has the highest nutrient requirements?

Third trimester

The iodine value provides a measure of?

The amount of unsaturated bonds in the fat

More anti-inflammatory signaling factors are made when you have?

Lower omega-6 and higher omega-3 fatty acids.

What signaling molecules are synthesized from arachidonic acid (ARA) or EPA (20:5 n-5)

Eicosanoids

Ammonia is detoxified to what in the liver of egg laying animals?

Uric acid

The fatty acids entering the small intestine of the ruminant are?

More saturated than the fatty acids found in the diet

Peroxides (free radical toxins) and off flavors can be formed in feeds as a result of?

Oxidative rancidity

My son once asked how much a pterodactyl dinosaur would eat. We can't do an experiment to measure their maintenance requirement, but assuming they were warm blooded, I can estimate by?

69 x (body weight) ^0.75

The fatty acids found in egg yolk are synthesized in the liver and transported to the ovary in what?

VLDL

During lactational ketosis in early lactation, the high rate of gluconeogenesis in the liver uses up the _______, which is needed to start the TCA cycle?

Oxaloacetate (OAA)

Triglycerides must be broken down into what before they can be absorbed in the intestine in non-ruminants?

Free fatty acids and monoglycerides

What does a sit-and-wait snake do to decrease its maintenance requirements?

Decrease gut size and activity

Which of the following would put a cat at an increased risk of developing Feline Hepatic Lididosis?

Being overweight

Which of the following tissues is very important to temperature regulation in newborn animals?

Brown adipose tissue

What can plasma NEFA concentration be used to estimate?

The amount of body fat being mobilized

Which of the following has the highest energy density lipid?

Triglycerides

Proteins are continuously turned over in the body. Why is this not an extremely inefficient process?

The amino acids are reused