Natural vs Artificial Selection

Theory of Evolution

Different species have developed over time from other life forms.

Natural Selection

The process where individuals with characteristics suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Genetic Variation

Variation among individuals is due to genetic differences.

Survival and Reproduction

Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Adaptation

The process where poorly adapted individuals are less likely to survive and reproduce.

Evolution Over Time

Species gradually evolve as changes occur in the population over generations.

Selective Pressure

Environmental conditions that select for or against certain traits in organisms.

Biotic and Abiotic Factors

Selective pressures can be biotic (living) or abiotic (non-living).

Artificial Selection

Also known as selective breeding, this is the intervention by humans to improve crops and livestock.

Benefits of Artificial Selection

Can lead to economically important new varieties but may also cause loss of genetic diversity.

Risks of Artificial Selection

Increased risk of genetic diseases from recessive alleles due to loss of genetic diversity.

Monoculture

Planting the same species over large areas, which makes management easier but increases disease risk.

Gene Banks

Facilities established to store seeds of early ancestors of modern plants to preserve genetic diversity.