[PCOL-MID-01-PT1] PHARMACOLOGY OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

THIS FLASH CARDS IS ABOUT THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.

• Brain

• Spinal cord

• Neurons

What are the Three (3) Major Organs Found in The Nervous System?

Central and Peripheral Nervous System

What are the Two (2) Main Organizations of The Nervous System?

• Brain

• Spinal cord

The Central Nervous System is composed of the?

Neurons

Outside the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system is composed of?

Sensory and Motor Pathways

What are the Two (2) Pathways in The Peripheral Nervous System?

• Afferent/Sensory Neurons

• Efferent/Motor Neurons

What are the Two (2) Types of Neurons Based on its Functions?

Afferent/Sensory Neurons

This type of neuron enters the CNS; carrying impulses from sensory organ to the brain.

Efferent/Motor Neurons

This type of neuron leaves the CNS; carrying impulses from the brain to the effector organ, producing an effect.

Stimulus

Afferent/Sensory Neurons refers to?

Efferent/Motor Neurons

Response/Order from the brain refers to?

• Somatic (Voluntary) Nervous System

• Autonomic (Involuntary) Nervous System

What are the Two (2) Subdivision of Motor Pathways?

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions

What are the Two (2) Subdivisions in Autonomic (Involuntary) Nervous System?

1 neuron

The somatic nervous system is composed of how many neurons?

Effector organ

The work of the single neuron (SNS) connects the CNS to the?

2 neurons

The autonomic nervous system is composed of how many neurons?

1. Pre-ganglion

2. Post-ganglion

What do you call the two neurons in the autonomic nervous system?

1. ?

2. ?

CNS

The pre-ganglion neuron (ANS) is near the?

Effector organ

The post-ganglion neuron (ANS) is near the?

Ganglion

What do you call the part that is after the gap between pre and post ganglions?

(Identify the blue line located in the start of the post-ganglion)

Ganglion

This is only found in the ANS; defined as the aggregation or collection of neuron cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system.

Skeletal Muscles

The effector organ of the SNS mostly controls these muscles with voluntary actions (controllable).

• Glands

• Smooth Muscles

The effector organ of the ANS mostly controls these two with involuntary actions (uncontrollable).

• Lacrimal Glands

• Sweat and Salivary Glands

What are the Two (2) Examples of Glands?

Lacrimal Glands

These glands are responsible for tears.

• Blood vessels

• Bronchioles

• Gastrointestinal tract

What are the Three (3) Examples of Smooth Muscles?

1. Myelinated

2. Unmyelinated

The autonomic motor neurons, pre and post-ganglionic neurons, are also known as?

1. ?

2. ?

Synaptic Neurotransmission

This is the mechanism of impulse transmission across the synapse.

Impulse

This refers to the order/news from the CNS (brain) to the effector organ.

Synapse

The interface or area of connection between two structures.

The Nervous System

This is a discontinuous system.

Synapse

The gaps in the system are called the?

Neurons

Since they are not directly connected to each other, what bridges the CNS and the effector organs?

1. Sending (terminal) neuron

2. Receiving (initial) neuron

The pre and post-ganglion neurons are also called as?

1. ?

2. ?

• Pre-synapse cell

• Synaptic cleft

• Post-synapse cell

What are the Three (3) Parts of the Magnified Synapse?

Pre-synapse cell

(1) This part of the magnified synapse is called the?

This is where the synthesis, storage, and the release of neurotransmitter take place.

• Contains enzymes (metabolism) and auto receptor

• Synthesis

• Storage

• Release

What are the three (3) main processes involving neurotransmitters that occur in the pre-synapse?

Vesicle

In pre-synapse, the neurotransmitter are stored in a?

Synaptic cleft

(2) This part of the magnified synapse is called the?

This is where the neurotransmitters diffuse and bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.

• Contains enzymes (metabolism)

Degradation enzymes

What enzymes are found in the synaptic cleft?

Post-synapse cell

(3) This part of the magnified synapse is called the?

This is where we can find the majority of the receptors.

• Contains enzymes (metabolism)

Metabolism

When there is an enzyme, there is a reaction in the form of?

Exocytosis

In pre-synapse, the release of neurotransmitter is via the process called?

Action potentials arrive at axon terminal

What is the 1st Step in Synaptic Transmission?

Voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels open

What is the 2nd Step in Synaptic Transmission?

Ca²⁺ enters the cell

What is the 3rd Step in Synaptic Transmission?

Ca²⁺ signals to vesicles

What is the 4th Step in Synaptic Transmission?

Vesicles move to the membrane

What is the 5th Step in Synaptic Transmission?

Docked vesicles release neurotransmitter by exocytosis

What is the 6th Step in Synaptic Transmission?

Neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors

What is the 7th Step in Synaptic Transmission?