Memory Lecture Review

Flashcards on Memory Structure and Information Processing

Information Processing Model

A model describing how information is received, processed, and stored in memory.

Sensory Memory

The initial stage of memory that briefly holds sensory information.

Short-Term Memory

A temporary storage system that holds a limited amount of information for a short period.

Classical Conditioning

Associate an involuntary response and a stimulus

Operant Conditioning

Associate a voluntary behavior and a consequence

Multi Store Model - Atkinson & Shiffrin

A model of memory that proposes information flows through sensory, short-term, and long-term memory stores.

Sensory Memory

Briefly holds environmental input (sights, sounds, etc.) before attention selects what to pass on.

Short Term Memory

Holds information temporarily via maintenance rehearsal.

Long Term Memory

Stores information for longer periods through elaborate rehearsal.

Capacity of Sensory Memory

The amount of information retained in sensory memory.

Duration of Sensory Memory

The duration for which information is retained in sensory memory.

Whole Report Procedure

A procedure where participants recall all items in a display.

Partial Report Procedure

A procedure where participants recall only a subset of items indicated by a cue.

Sperling's Conclusion

Sensory memory has a large capacity, but information decays rapidly. After ~1 second, information faded but can be rehearsed (kept in short-term memory)

Capacity of Short-Term Memory

The amount of information retained in short-term memory.

Duration of Short-Term Memory

The duration for which information is retained in short-term memory.

Short-Term Memory

Holds about 7 "things"

Chunking

A meaningful grouping of information that can be stored as a single unit in short-term memory.

Peterson & Peterson (1959)

Intervening task (count backwards) means no maintenance rehearsal

Interference

Forgetting due to displacement by other memories.

Proactive Interference

Interference from earlier memories.

Retroactive Interference

Interference by later memories.

Working Memory

A model of short-term memory that emphasizes its role as an active workspace for processing and manipulating information.

Phonological Loop

Stores auditory information.

Visuospatial Sketchpad

Stores visual and spatial information.

Central Executive

Integrates information from other components (in episodic buffer).

Episodic Buffer

A temporary storage system that integrates information from the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and long-term memory.

Subvocal Rehearsal

People commonly use verbal/acoustic Encoding to remember Visual objects

Articulatory Suppression (AS) Group

Say “la-la-la” while memorizing objects.