Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

1. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2. Trichotillomania

3. Dermatillomania

4. Hoarding

5. Kleptomania

6. Oniomania

7. Body dysmorphic disorder

What are the different types of OCD?

Obsessions

• recurrent, persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or impulses that causes marked anxiety and interfere with interpersonal, social, or occupational function.

-the person knows these thoughts are excessive and unreasonable but believes he or she has no control over them.

Compulsions

ritualistic or repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person carries out continuously in an attempt to neutralize anxiety.

-the theme of the ritual is usually associated with that of obsession, such as repetitive handwashing when someone is obsessed with contamination or repeated prayers or confession for someone obsessed with blasphemous thoughts.

1. Cognitive theory

2. Genetic theory

3. Behavioral factors

4. Personal experience

What are the etiology or causes of OCD?

Presence of obsessions, compulsions or both

What is the diagnostic criteria of OCD?

Compulsions

• Repetitive behaviors (e.g., hand washing, ordering, checking) or mental acts (e.g., praying, counting, repeating words silently) that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly.

• The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or mental acts are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent or are clearly excessive.

  -

  Note: Young children may not be able to articulate the aims of these behaviors or mental acts

Time-consuming

The obsessions or compulsions are________(e.g., take more than 1 hour per day)

Dermatillomania

Excoriation disorder skin picking, also known as?

• The behavior can cause significant distress to the individual and may also lead to medical complications and loss of occupational functioning.

• It may be necessary to involve medicine, surgery and/or plastic surgery, as well as psychiatry on the treatment team.

Self-soothing behavior

Dermatillomania is categorized as?

Trichotillomania

chronic repetitive hair pulling, is a self-soothing behavior that can cause distress and functional impairment.

Body Dysmorphic disorder

• is a preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in physical appearance that causes significant distress for the individual and interferes with functioning in daily life.

• the person ruminates and worries about the defect, often blaming all of life’s problems on his or her “flawed” appearance, that is, the appearance is the reason the person is unsuccessful at work or finding a significant other, for feelings of unhappiness.

  -repeated elective cosmetic surgery to “fix the flaw”.

Hoarding disorder

-is a progressive, debilitating, compulsive disorder only recently diagnosed on its own. It includes excessive acquisition of animals or apparently useless things, cluttered living spaces that become inhabitable, and significant distress or impairment for the individual.

Onychophagia

• chronic nail biting, is a self-soothing behavior.

• typical onset is childhood with a decrease in behavior by age 18. However, some nail biting persists in adulthood.

• SSRI antidepressants have proven effective in the treatment of onychophagia.

Kleptomania

compulsive stealing, is reward-seeking behavior. The reward is not the stolen item, but rather the thrill of stealing and not getting caught

-more common in females with frequent comorbid diagnosis of depression or substance use.

-Longer term therapy, as opposed to 10 or 12 sessions, may be needed.

Oniomania

• compulsive buying is an acquisition type of reward-seeking behavior.

• the pleasure is in acquiring the purchased object rather than any subsequent enjoyment of its use.

• spending behavior is often out of control, well beyond the person’s financial means.

Body Identity Integrity Disorder (BID)

the term given to people who feel “overcomplete,” or alienated from a part of their body and desire amputation.

Amputee Identity Disorder, Apotemnophilia, Amputation love

Body Identity Integrity Disorder (BID) is also known as?

Exposure

involves assisting the client to deliberately confront the situations and stimuli that he or she usually avoids.

Response prevention

-focuses on delaying or avoiding performance of rituals. The person learns to tolerate the thoughts and the anxiety and to recognize that it will recede without disastrous imagined consequences.

True

True or false:

When clients experiences severe symptoms of OCD, they are usually not able to change their patterns of thinking and behavior without treatment and assistance from professionals.