Health and Decision-Making Concepts

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the notes on health and decision-making, useful in preparing for the exam.

In-text citations

Use author + year (page # for direct quotes). Example: (Smith, 2020) for paraphrase.

Reference List

A list at the end of presentation containing full citations for each source cited in-text.

Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)

The average number of years a person is expected to live in good health, based on mortality and morbidity.

Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY)

A measure used to assess the overall burden of disease in a population, combining years of life lost due to premature death and years lived with disability.

Utility Scale

A quantitative measurement of the value or importance of different health-related outcomes, ranging from full health (1) to immediate death (0).

Dread effect

The perception that hazards producing very visual and feared consequences are bigger threats compared to more common hazards.

Unfamiliarity effect

The influence of our degree of familiarity with potential harm or benefit on how we perceive data and risk.

Uncontrollability effect

The tendency to see hazards that are out of our control as more threatening.

Decision analysis

A method that provides insight into the combinations of information needed to better understand benefits and harms of a decision.

Informed consent

The principle that patients must give permission before major interventions, having the right to know the risks and benefits.

Shared decision-making

An approach where clinicians provide information for patients to make decisions together, increasing patient involvement.

Certainty Effect

A tendency to favor the current situation over a risk of changing it for a potentially better outcome.

Long-shot Effect

When decision-makers perceive the current situation as intolerable and are willing to take risks with low chances of success.