Anatomy unit 1 TEST

Anatomy

the shape and structure of the body and its parts.

Medial

More towards the middle, toward center of the body

Distal

Away or far from the point of attachment or the trunk

Axillary

armpit region

Physiology

The study of how the body parts work and how they work together and function

Lateral

Toward the side or away from the midline

Homeostasis

maintenance of a stable environment in the body

Carpal

wrist region

Anatomical position

stance commonly referenced

Contralateral

on opposite sides of the body

Shunt

a pattern, passage or tube that by passes a normal path to redirect fluid mostly blood

Integumentary

system referring to the hair skin or nails

Anterior

toward the front of the body

Ipsilateral

On the same side of the body

Vascular

pertaining to blood vessels

Lymphatic

System of body referring to lymph fluid and nodes

Posterior

on the back side of the body

Superficial

Near the surface of the body like hair

Homeostatic mechanism

self regulating systems that bring you back to homeostasis

Orbital

eye socket region

Dorsal

back region

Deep

Internal or deep into the body

Sagittal

The vertical plane of the body dividing FRONT AND BACK

Oral

pertaining to the mouth

Superior

Above

Peripheral

Away from the center

Mid-sagittal

Plane that divides the left and right sides EVENLY

Popliteal

area behind the knee (knee armpit)

Inferior

below something

Proximal

Close to the point of attachment or the trunk

Coronal

vertical plane that divides the front and back portions

Mental

the chin region

Brachial

The arm region

Tarsal

ankle region

Digital

fingers or toes

Femoral

thigh region (femur)

Occipital

the back or base of the skull

Plantar

the sole of your foot

Ventral

front or belly side of the body

Extracellular

outside the cell

Negative feedback

used when the body is not in the normal range of homeostasis and reverses a change

Definition of Anatomy

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

Definition of Physiology

The study of the function of the body parts and how they work together

Distinguish between Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy is the structure and shape while physiology is the study of the functions and how the body parts work together

Form Follows Function

The structure is the way it is because of how the body functions, for example the nose is shaped the way it is because air flows up and into it so we can smell.

Atom

smallest unit of organization in science

Molecule

A structure made of of a few atoms like DNA protein or water molecule

Organelle

Molecules combine to form an organelle like the nucleus or mitochondria

Cell

A group of organelles that make up a cell

Tissue

a group of similar cells that perform a specific function

Organ

A body structure that is made of tissues that work together to perform a function

Organ system

a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Organism

A living thing that is made up of organ systems

Integumentary system

System that includes the hair skin and nails, its function is protection as an outer barrier against various things

Skeletal system

made up of bones, joints, ligaments, the function is to provide structural support for the body and to protect muscles

Muscular System

Muscles, and tendons, the function is to enable movement posture and is able to generate heat for your body

Nervous system

Made up of your nerves, brain, spinal cord, and muscles that send signals. The function is to send signals throughout the body to your brain to perform functions.

Endocrine system

Glands, ovaries, testes, and pancreas, the function of this system is to regulate hormones and regulate growth and metabolism.

Cardiovascular system

Heart, arteries, blood, vessels, veins, the function is to pump blood and transport oxygen throughout the body

Lymphatic system

Lymph fluid and nodes, spleen, tonsils, the function of this system is to defend the body against pathogens and disease.

Respiratory system

Lungs, nose, bronchi, trachea, the function is to deliver oxygen to the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide through a gas exchange system.

Digestive system

Stomach, mouth, teeth, salivary glands, intestines, liver, the function of this system is to remove waste products from the body and to transport nutrients to the bloodstream.

Urinary system

Kidneys, bladder, uterus, function is to filter waste from the blood, regulate water and electrolyte balance and control blood pressure.

Reproductive system

sex organs, the function is to create and reproduce life.

Superior (Anatomical Term)

higher up or towards the head (The forehead is superior to the mouth)

Inferior (Anatomical Term)

Below or beneath towards the feet. (The kneecap is inferior to the neck)

Anterior (Anatomical Term)

Toward the front of the body. (The mouth is anterior to the glutes)

Posterior (Anatomical Term)

toward the back of the body.( The shoulder blades are posterior to the collarbone.)

Medial (Anatomical Term)

towards the middle of the body or midline (The nose is medial to the eyes)

Lateral (Anatomical Term)

Away from the midline of the body (the wrist is lateral to the brachial.)

Proximal (Anatomical Term)

Closer in proximity to the point of attachment. (The elbow is proximal to the wrist.)

Distal (Anatomical Term)

Farther from the point of attachment. ( The ankle is distal to the knee)

Superficial (Anatomical Term)

Away from the inside of the body or on the outside: (the hair is distal to the heart)

Deep (Anatomical Term)

away from the surface of the body, internal. ( The lungs are deep to the rib cage)

Contralateral (Anatomical Term)

On opposite sides of the body( The right wrist is contralateral to the left knee.)

Dorsal Cavity

the cavities that are in the back, containing the cranial cavity (formed by the skull and houses the brain) and the vertebral cavity (formed by the backbone and houses the spinal cord)

Ventral Cavity

cavities that are in the front of the body, containing the Thoracic cavity (above the diaphragm) and the Abdominopelvic cavity (containing the spleen, liver, bladder and reproductive organs)

Sagittal plane

A vertical plane on the body that divides the body into right and left. Moving this plane would be things like walking, biceps curls, or running. The line divides down the middle of the body and goes vertically through the body

Coronal (frontal) plane

A vertical plane that runs side to side and splits the body into front and back halves, moving this plane looks like jumping jacks, tilting your head to your shoulder, or side bending the torso. The line for example goes from ear to ear vertically.

Transverse (horizontal) plane

plane that separates the body into top and bottom halves, splits evenly at the torso. Moving this plane looks like swinging a golf club or baseball bat, shaking your head no, or rotating your arm inward or outward.

Axillary Region

armpit

Orbital Region

eye socket

Oral Region

mouth

Mental Region

Chin

Occipital Region

back of the head

Cephelic Region

head

Cervical Region

neck

Abdominal Region

abdomen

Brachial Region

arm

Carpal Region

wrist

Digital Region

toes or fingers

Femoral Region

thigh

Popliteal Region

back of knee

Tarsal Region

ankle

Plantar Region

back of foot

Gluteal Region

butt

Homeostasis Definition

Homeostasis is a state of balance throughout the body and its environment. It is the system that maintains itself and its environment.

Homeostatic Mechanisms Process

The homeostatic mechanisms are in place to maintain homeostasis throughout the body. The receptors sense a change that is made in the body's internal environment and detects that a fix needs to be made. The control center which is the brain then sends out signals to the other parts of your body to activate homeostasis mechanisms. The effector is the muscle or gland that then changes or adapts to the environment to ultimately lead the body back to homeostasis.

Negative Feedback

Negative feedback occurs when a variable is out of balance. Negative feedback reverses the original stimulus to bring the body back to homeostasis. An example of this would be when your blood sugar is too high. The pancreas accepts this change in the normal and sends a signal to your brain, your brain then sends a signal to the pancreas to release more insulin to get the blood sugar back to normal.

Positive Feedback

Positive feedback occurs when the body needs to push itself past the normal in order to complete a task to reach homeostasis. An example of this would be during childbirth. Your body senses that the baby needs to come out so your brain sends the signals to your cervix to dilate so the baby can leave the body, which would bring the body back to homeostasis.