Clinical Psych Exam 2-Cognitive Behavioral Therapies

How many sessions were in the CPT podcast

10

Wha was the first thing that was done in the CPT podcast

psychoeducation

What was the first homework assignment in the CPT podcast

write a one page essay on why the event occurred

What are stuck points in CPT?

thoughts that are usually inaccurate or exaggerated that the patient works through

What are the Challenging Questions?

questions used to examine and reframe clients’ stuck points

What does ABC stand for

Activating event

Beliefs

Consequences

What are Patterns of Problematic Thinking?

Negative and inaccurate mindsets with the inability to process trauma

Behavioral Therapy

focus on observable actions, behavioral responses, and role of environmental factors

What is the goal of behavioral therapy

to establish functional and adaptive patterns of behavior

What did the first wave of behavioral psychotherapy say about psychological disorders

psychological disorders aren’t things people “have,” but reflect how learning has influenced particular people to behave in particular ways in particular situations.

How is classical conditioning helpful in psychotherapy

Helps us understand how some disorders may develop, which may inform treatment.

Avoidance pro and con

can be negatively reinforcing, but avoidance sustains/worsens symptoms.

Behavioral assessments

assessment of client’s difficulties, contributing environmental factors, circumstances under which behaviors occur, and consequences of those behaviors

What does behavioral assessment rely on

structured interviews, observation, and behavioral ratings.

Functional Analysis

relationship between antecedents (triggers), behaviors, and consequences

Role of the therapist in behavioral therapy

the relationship is a context for the therapist to teach the client specific techniques.

Goal of behavioral therapy

modify maladaptive behavior as well cognitions, emotions, and physical responses that accompany that behavior.

Progressive Relaxation Training (PRT)

Tensing and relaxing groups of muscles while focusing on the sensation of relaxation.

Systematic desensitization

Goal is to create a response that is incompatible with anxiety toward an anxiety-evoking stimuli.

Exposure and Response Prevention

direct exposure to the feared stimuli with the goal of eliciting anxiety and fear.

Modeling

Watch a therapist fearlessly and successfully perform behaviors.

Behavioral Activation and Behavioral Rehearsal

help clients recognize their tendency to avoid making changes and engaging in more adaptive behaviors.

Task assignments

break larger task into smaller easier tasks.

Cognitive Therapy

Identifying and challenging client’s maladaptive cognitions.

When did the second wave of behavioral therapy begin and what was the shift towards?

1970s, recognizing importance of cognitions

According to cognitive therapy, what influences our responses to circumstances

our interpretations of events rather than the events themselves

Inaccurate and maladaptive thoughts often occur automatically and lead to

negative emotions and problematic behaviors.

Cognitive Mechanisms

Every event is followed by an appraisal, which shapes our emotional and behavioral response.

Cognitive is based on what model

Realist Model

Realist Model

External events happen regardless of whether they are perceived or not, therapist helps client see reality

Cognitive vs psychodynamic view of thoughts

learned habits that are near the surface and accessible by simple questioning vs many thoughts are deeply buried and are inaccessible because of defense mechanisms.

Examples of Automatic thoughts

Dichotomous (all or none), Overgeneralization, Catastrophizing, Mind reading, Emotional reasoning

Techniques to Elicit automatic Thoughts

Basic Question: What was going through your mind just then?

cognitive specificity hypothesis

people with certain disorders tend to display certain kinds of automatic thoughts

Assessment-Cognitions

Focus on examining the chronicity, intensity, and extent of the client’s automatic cognitive distortions.

What factor may support or limit patient toleration of cognitive therapy?

Toleration of confrontational approach of the therapist

Role of therapist in cognitive therapy

help client identify and alter their maladaptive thoughts

Cognitive Treatment Goals

Identify, challenge, and replace

Thought Recording and Multicolumn Records

Homework typically involves identifying maladaptive thoughts, increasing in difficulty/complexity.

Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

Emotions and behaviors are the results of how people think about their experiences

Cognitive triad

Perceptions and conclusions about ourselves, the world, and our future

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (Ellis, 1950s)

Psychological difficulties result not from external stress, but our irrational ideas

What does Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy focus on

challenging the irrational, unrealistic, self-defeating beliefs.

How is Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy different from other CBTs

it differentiates between helpful and unhelpful negative emotions and also takes a more philosophical approach to challenging thoughts.

Socratic Questioning

A  line of questioning that reveals the client’s beliefs and assumptions

Examples of socratic questioning

What is the evidence? Is there an alternative way of viewing the situation? What is the worst that could happen?

Cognitive Behavioral therapy

an umbrella term used to refer to all cognitive and behavioral approaches.

Process of CBT

Assessment phase, [structured interviews, intervention, introduce and practice skills in and outside of session, review progress toward goals,] termination

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

a structured form of talk therapy that teaches skills to manage emotions, behaviors, and relationships by balancing acceptance and change

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

Focus is on stopping avoidance of inner emotions and increasing acceptance of emotions.

Differences Between CBTs

-Focus on acceptance vs. change

-Intervene via cognition or behaviors or both.

-Target physical arousal or not.

-Socratic questioning vs. confrontational style

-Western vs. Eastern (eg mindfulness) influences.

Current status of CBT

Most popular approach with strong empirical evidence. Straightforward approach, short-term model, structured, specific disorders.

Dropout in CPT for PTSD

Relatively low dropout