Mental Health Diagnosis Flashcards (Week 1)

Conduct Disorder

A repetitive, persistent pattern of behavior in children/adolescents where the basic rights of others or major societal norms/rules are violated.

Etiology: Temperamental, genetic, environmental; childhood and adolescent onset, becoming Antisocial Personality Disorder if it persists past age 18.

Symptoms: Impaired social, academic, and occupational functioning; lack of empathy; low self-esteem; irritability; aggression; repetitive rule-breaking and rights violations.

Medications: SSRIs.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Firm and structured activities, reinforcement of positive behaviors, coping skills training.

Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED)

Recurrent, sudden episodes of impulsive, aggressive outbursts grossly disproportionate to the provoking situation.

Etiology: Genetic and environmental; diagnosable at age 6 or older.

Symptoms: Failure to control verbal/physical aggression and impulses, outbursts out of proportion to the trigger.

Medications: Antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anti-anxiety medications, anticonvulsants.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Firm and structured environment, coping skills, social skills training, behavior modification.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

A recurring pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months.

Etiology: Temperamental, environmental, genetic; 16% of cases evident before age 8.

Symptoms: Angry, irritable, argumentative, defiant, vindictive behavior pattern.

Medications: Mood stabilizers, antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Coping skills, behavior modification.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A disorder marked by recurrent, intrusive obsessions and/or compulsions that are time-consuming and cause significant distress.

Etiology: Often stress-related; temperamental, environmental, genetic.

Symptoms: Recurrent, persistent, unwanted thoughts/urges/images (obsessions) causing marked anxiety; repetitive attempts to neutralize them through thoughts or actions (compulsions).

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Leisure education, family activities.

Hoarding Disorder

Persistent difficulty discarding possessions regardless of their actual value, leading to clutter that impairs functioning.

Etiology: Environmental, genetic, temperamental.

Symptoms: Distress at the thought of discarding items, accumulation of possessions, significant impairment in functioning.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Behavior modification, leisure education.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Preoccupation with perceived flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear minor to others.

Etiology: Environmental, genetic.

Symptoms: Repetitive behaviors such as mirror checking, excessive grooming, skin picking, reassurance seeking.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Behavior modification, art and music therapy, self-esteem and confidence building.

Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)

A pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward caregivers resulting from a history of extreme insufficient care.

Etiology: Environmental.

Symptoms: Minimal social/emotional responsiveness, unexplained irritability/sadness/fearfulness.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Leisure education, behavior modification, art and music therapy.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A disorder that develops after exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence.

Etiology: Environmental, genetic, temperamental; diagnosable at age 6 and older.

Symptoms: Recurrent distressing memories/dreams, dissociative reactions, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, mood/behavior changes.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Biofeedback, prolonged exposure therapy, leisure education, coping skills training.

Adjustment Disorder

Emotional or behavioral symptoms developing in response to an identifiable stressor within 3 months, causing distress disproportionate to the stressor.

Etiology: Environmental.

Symptoms: Impairment in social, occupational, or other functioning; distress out of proportion to the stressor.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Coping skills, social skills, leisure education.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

A mood disorder involving a single or recurrent episode of at least 5 depressive symptoms present for a minimum 2-week period.

Etiology: Environmental, genetic, temperamental.

Symptoms: Depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure; weight/appetite change, insomnia or hypersomnia.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Self-esteem and confidence building, support system training.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Chronic depressed mood present most of the day, more days than not, for at least 2 years.

Etiology: Environmental, genetic, temperamental.

Symptoms: Chronic symptoms similar to MDD but may present with irritability in children/adolescents.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Coping skills, leisure education.

Panic Disorder

Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks followed by persistent worry about future attacks.

Etiology: Environmental, genetic.

Symptoms: Panic attacks peaking within minutes, avoidance behaviors.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Coping skills, leisure education.

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

Persistent fear of social or performance situations that disrupts everyday functioning.

Etiology: Environmental, genetic, temperamental.

Symptoms: Marked fear/anxiety in social interactions, avoidance of these situations.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Coping skills, social interaction practice.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Excessive, difficult-to-control anxiety or worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months.

Etiology: Environmental, genetic, temperamental.

Symptoms: Restlessness, easy fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Small group activities, leisure education.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Disruption of identity involving two or more distinct personality states.

Etiology: Environmental.

Symptoms: Alterations in affect, memory, cognition, recurrent gaps in recall.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Behavior modification, creative arts.

Bipolar I Disorder

A mood disorder requiring at least one manic episode.

Etiology: Environmental, genetic.

Symptoms: Manic episode characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Social skills, support systems.

Bipolar II Disorder

A mood disorder requiring at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode.

Etiology: Genetic.

Symptoms: Hypomanic episode with no marked impairment plus major depressive episode.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Not specified in source material.

Delusional Disorder

The presence of one or more delusions lasting one month or longer.

Etiology: Temperamental.

Symptoms: Delusions persisting over a month; overall functioning remains normal.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Not specified in source material.

Schizophrenia

A psychotic disorder involving at least 2 core symptoms for a significant portion of a 1-month period.

Etiology: Environmental, genetic.

Symptoms: Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, marked decline in functioning.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Not specified in source material.

Schizoaffective Disorder

An uninterrupted period of illness featuring a major mood episode concurrent with schizophrenia symptoms.

Etiology: Genetic.

Symptoms: Major mood episode occurring alongside at least 2 schizophrenia symptoms.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Self-expression activities.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of social/interpersonal deficits with cognitive or perceptual distortions.

Etiology: Genetic.

Symptoms: Discomfort with close relationships, cognitive/perceptual distortions.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Not specified in source material.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others.

Etiology: Genetic; begins in childhood/early adolescence.

Symptoms: Deceit, manipulation, impulsivity, lack of empathy.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Not specified in source material.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior.

Etiology: Begins in early adulthood.

Symptoms: Discomfort when not the center of attention; dramatic behavior.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Not specified in source material.

Borderline Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions.

Etiology: Genetic; begins in early adulthood.

Symptoms: Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment, identity disturbance.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Not specified in source material.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.

Etiology: Begins in early adulthood.

Symptoms: Exaggerated sense of achievement, belief in own uniqueness.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Not specified in source material.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.

Etiology: Begins in early adulthood.

Symptoms: Preoccupation with criticism/rejection, extreme shyness.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Not specified in source material.

Anorexia Nervosa

Restriction of food intake leading to significantly low body weight, driven by intense fear of weight gain.

Etiology: Genetic; environmental/cultural factors.

Symptoms: Intense fear of gaining weight, behaviors that interfere with weight gain.

Medications: Antidepressants.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Psychotherapy, CBT, nutrition education.

Bulimia Nervosa

Recurrent binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain.

Etiology: Adolescence or young adulthood; genetic, environmental.

Symptoms: Binge eating with loss of control; compensatory behaviors.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Not specified in source material.

Rumination Disorder

Repeated regurgitation of food over at least 1 month, without an underlying medical cause.

Etiology: Environmental (lack of stimulation, neglect).

Symptoms: Food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Not specified in source material.

Pica

Persistent eating of non-nutritive, nonfood substances for at least 1 month.

Etiology: Environmental; developmental delay increases risk.

Symptoms: Eating substances not culturally supported as food.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Not specified in source material.

Enuresis

Repeated voluntary or involuntary voiding of urine into bed or clothes, at least twice weekly for 3 consecutive months.

Etiology: Genetic and environmental; psychosocial stress.

Symptoms: Can be nocturnal, diurnal, or both.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Not specified in source material.

Encopresis

Repeated voluntary or involuntary passage of feces into inappropriate places, at least twice monthly for 3 months.

Etiology: Genetic and environmental; psychosocial stress.

Symptoms: Passage of feces into clothing, floor, or other inappropriate locations.

Medications: Not specified in source material.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Not specified in source material.

Substance Use and Addiction (Overview)

A recurrent pattern of substance use across 10 recognized drug classes leading to significant consequences.

Etiology: Genetic and environmental.

Symptoms: Varies by substance class; includes impairment across various activities.

Medications: Varies by substance.

Interventions/Treatment Goals: Varies by substance.

Alcohol-Related Disorder

A pattern of alcohol use causing impairment and characteristic physical/cognitive symptoms.

Symptoms: Impaired attention or memory, slurred speech, unsteady gait.

Caffeine-Related Disorder

A pattern of caffeine use producing characteristic stimulant-related symptoms.

Symptoms: Restlessness, nervousness, insomnia, headache.

Cannabis-Related Disorder

A pattern of cannabis use producing characteristic symptoms.

Symptoms: Increased appetite, anxiety, sleep difficulty.

Hallucinogen-Related Disorder

A pattern of hallucinogen use producing behavioral and neurological symptoms.

Symptoms: Impulsiveness, unpredictability, impaired judgment.

Inhalant-Related Disorder

A pattern of inhalant use producing behavioral and physical symptoms.

Symptoms: Impaired judgment, aggression, lethargy.

Opioid-Related Disorder

A pattern of opioid use producing characteristic sedative and cognitive symptoms.

Symptoms: Drowsiness, slurred speech, impaired attention.

Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic-Related Disorder

A pattern of CNS depressant use producing characteristic symptoms.

Symptoms: Slurred speech, impaired judgment, insomnia.

Stimulant-Related Disorder

A pattern of stimulant use producing characteristic physical and psychological symptoms.

Symptoms: Pupillary dilation, fatigue, sleep disturbances.

Tobacco-Related Disorder

Daily tobacco use for at least several weeks accompanied by characteristic withdrawal-related symptoms.

Symptoms: Irritability, anxiety, insomnia.

Abuse and Neglect

Maltreatment of a child or dependent by a family member or nonrelative, encompassing neglect and active abuse.