Theories Of Motivation

Instinct theory

• Biological perspective: Nature

• Motivation comes from natural, inborn behaviors that we’re born with

• Fixed Action Patterns: These are actions we do because they’re built into us, not something we learn, like the basic instinct to survive

Drive reduction theory

• Needs ➡ Motivational impulses ➡ Actions or drives

• Motivation starts when we have unmet needs which creates stress that leads us to take action

• Motivation is viewed as unpleasant stress in response to unmet needs

• Drives help restore homeostatic balance in our body

• When needs are met, stress is reduced

Social cultural theory

• Human behavior is shaped by the culture a person grows up in

• People learn how to act based on their social environment

• Cultural norms and values set expectations for behavior, and people are naturally motivated to follow them

Humanistic theory

• People are motivated by a desire to grow and improve

• They strive to achieve goals and feel a sense of accomplishment

• Meeting basic and personal needs is key to motivation

Abraham Maslow

• Founder of humanistic perspective

• Human behavior is motivated to achieve meaningful significance

Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs

• Self actualization

• Esteem

• Love and belonging

• Safety

• Physiological

Self actualization

• Intrinsic

• Fulfillment of one’s potential like success

• Acceptance of reality of one’s self

Esteem

• Extrinsic

• Recognition

• Status

• Money

Love and belonging

Companionship

Safety

• Protection

• Shelter

• Financial security

Physiological

Biological necessities