President Pro Tempore
the official chair of the Senate; usually the most senior member of the majority party
standing committee
committee to which proposed bills are referred; continues from one Congress to the next
joint committee
standing committee that inlaces members from both houses of Congress set up to conduct investigations or special studies
conference committee
special joint committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and Senate
select (or special) committee
temporary committee appointed for a specific purpose
committee of the whole
a procedure that allows the house to deliberate with a lower quorum and to expedite consideration and amendment of a bill
reconciliation
a procedure that allows consideration of controversial issues affecting the budget by limiting debate to 20 hours, ending threat of filibuster
congressional review
a process whereby congress can nullify agency regulations within a 60 day window by passing joint resolution of legislative disapproval
senatorial courtesy
a process by which presidents generally allow senators from the state in which a judicial absence occurs to block a nomination by registering their objection
logrolling
vote trading; voting something to get future support
congressional research service (crs)
created in 1914, crs provides info, studies and research in support of the work of congress
government accountability office (gao)
established in 1921, the gao is an independent regulating agency for the purpose of auditing the financial expenditures of the executive branch and federal agencies
congressional budget office (cbo)
created in 1974, the cbo provides congress with evaluations of the potential economic effects of proposed spending policies and also analyzes the president's budget and economic budget
bicameral legislature
two houses bro
apportionment
process of allowing congressional seats to all states based on the census
bill
proposed law
impeachment
charge a federal official
Edmund burke
british
trustee
representative who listens to constituent’s opinions and then uses their best judgements to make a final decision, trust me bro
delegate
votes the way their constituents would want, regardless of personal opinions
politico
a mix of trustee and delegate
incumbency
holding an office
redistricting
process of redrawing congressional districts to reflect changes in seats and population
gerrymandering
bad redistricting
markup
a session in which committee members offer changes to a bill before it goes to the floor
hold
a procedure by which a senator asks to be informed before a particular bill or nomination is brought to the floor. This request signals leadership that a miner may have objections to this bill (or nomination) and should be consulted before further action is taken
pork
legislation that allows representatives to bring money and jobs to their districts in the form of public works programs, military bases, or other programs
programmatic requests
federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district, also referred to as earmarks
war powers resolution
limits how long troops a president can send in a 60 day period during peace time
party caucus
a formal gathering of all party members