Building Technology

The specified strength of concrete will be reached after how many days of curing

28

Fieldstone or roughly dressed stone with or without mortar

Coursed Rubble

The two methods for controlling consistency of concrete mixes and streng

Slump test and cylinder compression test

A masonry unit of clay formed into a rectangular prism while plastic and hardened by drying in the sun or firing a kiln

Bricks

block made of concrete and has space between its walls

CHB

cemented silica grains

Sandstone

metamorphic rock which are crystallized

Marble

A malleable alloy of iron and carbon (combined) produced by smelting and refining of pig iron and/or scrap steel

Steel

A tough, malleable, readily soft iron; easily forged & welded

Wrought Iron

hard, brittle, non-malleable iron-based alloy

Cast Iron

Iron coated with zinc to prevent rust

Galvanized Iron

A fluid cement mortar that will flow easily without segregation of the ingredients, used to fill narrow cavities in masonry and consolidate the adjoining materials into a solid mass

Grout

two-part adhesive that forms when you mix epoxy resin and hardener

Epoxy

mixture of binder [lime or cement] and sand

Sand mortar

A matte textured surface with no gloss as a result of a pressurized flow of sand and water

Sandblasted

It is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals, or thermoplastics by causing coalescence

Welding

process used for joining metal parts to form a mechanical or electrical bond

Soldering

heat treatment process that changes the physical and sometimes also the chemical properties of a material to increase ductility and reduce the hardness to make it more workable

Annealing

process for joining two pieces of metal that involves the application of heat and the addition of a filler metal

Brazing

Which among the following materials has the best sound-absorbing qualities?

Wood

A ferrous material which is tough and ductile and is produced from pig iron in a way to remove carbon and other impurities

Wrought iron

An iron coated with zinc through a process of hot-dipping to prevent rust

Galvanized iron

An admixture which delays the setting time of concrete especially during hot weather conditions

Retarder

bonding agent [spray or paint] that improves bond between old and new concrete

Dispersal agent

delays curing; applied immediately

Set inhibiting agent

concrete will be highly resistant to corrosion

Air-entraining

• Features on steel reinforcements to increase adhesion to concrete

• intentional deformations

• increase surface area promoting strong bond

Lugs

can hinder bonding

Oil

form of corrosion; weakens steel

Rust

used to hold reinforcing bars; structurally integral to material but not designed for adhesion

Ties

Rough fragments of broken stone that have at least one face good for exposure on a wall

Rubble

quarried and squared

Dimension stone

flat stone slabs; flooring or horizontal surface

Flagstone

cut stone, masonry laid out in regular/irregular courses

Ashlar

A fabrication process usually done on metals or thermoplastics by melting the work pieces and adding a filler material which cools to form a strong joint

Welding

two or more metal items are joined together

Soldering

heating the material (until glowing) for a while and allowing it to cool slowly

Annealing

filler metal or alloy is heated to melting temperature above 450°C

Brazing

A mixture of cement, sand and water used as a bonding agent in masonry construction

Mortar

Tiles which are tougher and less porous than a ceramic tile in which the color of the surface is consistent throughout the tile

Porcelain tile

thin slabs of clay, water or other inorganic materials, hardened at high temperatures in a kiln and usually coated with some kind of glaze

Ceramic tiles

ceramic tile with very low porosity

Vitrified tiles

either porcelain or ceramic

Homogenous tiles

This component dissolves the paint to make it usable and workable

Solvent

is a solvent used to thin oil-based paints

Thinner

A base coat applied to improve the adhesion of subs

Primer

• A paint defect which shows uneven coating due to excessive application paint on wet paint

• heavy coat of paint

• resulting in a uneven coating

Sagging

when uncured paint forms a skin

Wrinkling

tan/brown spots; drip-like effect

Leaching

• This waterproofing type mixed with concrete and does not require skilled workmanship in creating a waterproof structure

• mixing cement, sand, and additives to create waterproof coating on the surface of concrete

Cementitious waterproofing

bitumen sheets applied unto material requiring workmanship

Bituminous waterproofing

liquid membrane coating onto surface

Liquid-applied membrane waterproofing

admixture added directly to concrete mix

Integral waterproofing

• A float glass which can be cut, drilled, and polished but has not been heat-strengthened and underwent a process of a controlled cooling to prevent residual stress

• float glass; breaks into large jagged shards

Annealed glass

safety glass; have protective vinyl layer bet. 2 pcs of glass; holds together when shattered

Laminated glass

• controlled thermal or chemical treatments

• A type of safety glass processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength by putting the outer surfaces into compression and the interior into tension such that the glass shatters into small granular chunks when broken instead of splintering into jagged shards

Tempered glass

double glazing; thermal insulation & noise reduction

Insulating glass

poured molten glass on casting tables

Plate glass

A single spread footing supporting freestanding column or pier

Isolated footing

A structure composed of chords, diagonal and vertical web members to create a rigid framework

Truss

An arrangement of braces fixed between floor joists to keep them in place and distribute the load to adjacent floor joists

Bridging

A beam supported only on one end/side

Cantilever beam

Prevents water penetration and /or provide water drainage especially between a roof and wall

Flashing

A channel of metal, wood, or concrete set below and along the eaves of a building to catch and carry off rainwater from the roof

Gutter

Class A Concrete has a mixture ratio 1:2:_?

4

Term which means to connect or join 2 similar materials, usually in a straight line by fastening the ends by means of mechanical connectors, welding, or wire connection

Joint

The measure from the top of the concrete beam to the center of the bottom bar

Effective depth

The relative movement of parts of a structure caused by uneven settlements underlying soil?

Differential settlement

Concrete cover for cast-in-place for concrete exposed to weather

75 mm

mechanical fastener. Before it is installed it consists of a smooth cylindrical shaft with a head on one end. The end opposite the head is called the buck-tail.

Rivet

depending principally on the bearing resistance of soil or rock beneath its foot for support.

End Bearing pile

All performance and descriptive specifications are open. Brand name specifications are open if the phrase “or equal” is used.

Open Specifications

how particular a component or system must perform.

Performance Specifications

Steel bars sizes:

Bar #2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 18

Diameter #6, 10, 12, 16, 20,22, 25, 28, 32, 36, 45, 57

Non structural place on backing ornamentation, protection, insulation

Veneer

Artificial stone-like material made by mixing water with cement and various mineral aggregates

Concrete

Alloy of copper and zinc which is relatively resistant to tarnishing

Brass

Iron coated with zinc to prevent rust

Galvanized Iron

Common alloy for corrosion resistance

Chromium

Type of building board made of three or more layers of veneer

Plywood

Made from a hardboard from relatively small particles, it graduated from coarse at the center of the board to fine at the surface to produce a smooth dense surface.

Particle Board

Wall or ceiling board having a chalk-like material as a core clad with paper on

Gypsum Board

A tile made with finer clay particles fired at higher temperatures to achieve a tougher, more durable and more water-resistant than an ordinary tile and this allows for the tile to be manufactured

Porcelain Tiles

Threaded bolt having a circular head, an oval or flat bearing surface, and a means (such as a square shoulder under the head) of preventing rotation of the bolt.

Carriage Bolt

Metal pins that are used for permanently joining two or more structural steel members by passing a headed shank through a hole in each piece and hammering down the plain end to form a second head

Rivets

Systematic Dismantling

Demolition

Which of the following represents an acceptable height of the bottom of an overhead cabinet in the kitchen (from floor to bottom of cabinet)?

1.4 meters

An over-reinforced beam is ideal and safe

False

A wood or metal material used to anchor and elevate a roof tile over its undersheeting.

Batten

Which type of hardboard made from wood fibers glued under heat and pressure and maybe utilized for doors and furniture.

Medium Density Board

How is a concrete cantilevered beam reinforced?

Provide extra top bars at and near the support to resist tension

Concrete cover for cast-in-place concrete permanently exposed to earth such as a footing.

75 mm

A ferrous material with a very low carbon content which is malleable, tough and ductile and is produced from pig iron in a way to remove carbon and other impurities.

Wrought Iron

A mat footing may be ideal for this kind of situation where there is a possible relative movement of parts of a structure caused by uneven settlement of the underlying soil.

Differential Settlement

A bolt which has a smooth, domed heads with a square section underneath that pulls into the material to prevent spinning during installation and used where the head may be inaccessible during tightening.

Carriage Bolt

Due to its appearance, this waterproofing material used for roof decks and basements, and may require a concrete topping to protect from any impact that may compromise the system as well as have a more presentable surface. The system may be installed by torching the surface to activate adhesion to the concrete base.

Bituminous Waterproofing

The slab has main reinforcements running in both ways if the ratio of the long span to the short span of the slab is less than 2.

True

How do you reinforce a 0.60m-wide wall footing for a 3-meter long CHB wall?

3 pcs 12mm main bars with 12mm transverse bars every 0.30m O.C.

A column has a size of 0.40 x 0.40 meters. If 20mm steel bars are to be used, which of the following is an appropriate and acceptable number of vertical steel reinforcements to be provided?

12 pieces

How do you determine the thickness of a cantilevered slab?

Length of Slab/10