INTRO AND TISSUE PROCESSING - MLS 114 - PRELIM LABORATORY

“Let all things be done properly and in an orderly manner.” – 1 Corinthians 14:40, LSB

What is Histotechnology?

The art and science performed by a histotechnologist to produce quality tissue sections for the diagnosis of diseases.

Name four types of tissue samples mentioned.

• Core Needle biopsy

• Excision biopsy

• Incision biopsy

• Punch biopsy

• Shave biopsy

• Curettings

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Fresh Tissue Examination?

• Advantage: Specimens are in a living state, allowing observation of protoplasmic activities.

• Disadvantage: Slides are not permanent.

What is the effect of temperature on tissue processing?

• Increased temperature (37∘ to 45∘C) hastens processing time.

• Higher temperatures can make tissues brittle.

• Lower temperatures reduce diffusion and increase processing time.

How does vacuum affect tissue processing?

A vacuum removes trapped air from porous tissues during infiltration, which decreases the processing time for fatty and dense tissues.

What is the purpose of tissue accessioning?

To give each tissue specimen a unique serial number that identifies it for a specific patient.

In tissue accessioning, what do the letters S, A, C, and P stand for when assigning a serial number?

• S: Surgical

• A: Autopsy

• C: Cytology

• P: Pap's Smear

What is the primary stain used for blood smears?

Wright (or Wright-Giemsa) stain.

What does the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) primarily affect?

It is a genetic disorder that affects the immune system and platelets, often leading to immunodeficiency and thrombocytopenia (low platelet count).

What are Westgard rules used for?

They are a set of rules used in clinical laboratories for statistical quality control to detect a range of errors, including random and systematic errors in analytical runs.

How is Vitamin D synthesized and what is its role?

Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is synthesized in the skin from a cholesterol precursor upon exposure to UVB radiation. It is then metabolized in the liver and kidneys to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, which is essential for calcium and phosphate homeostasis and bone health.

What are the two types of vitamins and give examples of each.

• Fat-soluble vitamins: Vitamins A, D, E, K.

• Water-soluble vitamins: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12, and C.

What is a key function of Vitamin K?

It is a crucial cofactor for the synthesis of several coagulation factors (factors II, VII, IX, and X) in the liver. A deficiency can lead to bleeding disorders.