module 2

John Locke

believed that children were born into the world like “blank slates” and that their experiences determined what kind of adults they would become

Plato and Descartes

argued that some knowledge was inborn in humans

Wilhelm Wundt

established the first experimental lab devoted to psychological phenomena

Structuralism

wilhelm wundt’s perspective

structuralism

focused on uncovering the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, thinking, emotions, and other kinds of mental states and activities

basic foundational elements

introspection

a procedure in which people are presented with a stimulus and asked to describe what they are experiencing

Functionalism

replaced structuralism

functionalism

concentrated on what the mind does and how it functions

william james

american psychologist who led the functionalist movement

functionalist

examined how people satisfy their needs through their behavior

functionalist

also discussed how our stream of consciousness permits is to adapt to our environment

John Dewey

american educator who drew on functionalism to develop the field of school psychology proposing ways to best meet students’ educational needs

gestalt psychology

studying how people consider individual elements together as units or wholes

ebbinghaus and max wertheimer

led gestalt psychology