Evolution and Natural Selection

Flashcards on Evolution and Natural Selection

Lamarckian Model

A model where individual differences come from experiences within their environment.

Random Mutation

The source of alleles and genetic differences, despite the body's repair mechanisms.

Overbreeding

The idea that individuals breed more than their environment can support, leading to competition for resources.

Inference One

The principle that reproductive success depends on alleles, with some alleles increasing reproductive potential.

Have a Couple More Kids Every Five Generations

The idea that fitness is about having slightly more offspring over generations, not just survival.

Contrast with Lamarckian Model

A contrast to the modern model where the environment directly alters genetic nature.

Antibiotic Resistance Example

A situation in bacteria where a mutation confers antibiotic resistance, leading to population dominance.

Allele Frequency

The proportion of dominant and recessive alleles in a population.

Sea Urchin Reproduction

The concept by which sea urchins reproduce. They thrust their sperm/eggs into the open water and allow random fertilization.

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

A state where the genotype frequency of a population remains constant over generations.

Bottleneck Effect

A drastic reduction in population size, often leading to non-representative allele frequencies in the new population.

Directional Selection

A model where one extreme of a trait has a fitness advantage.

Stabilizing Selection

A model where intermediate traits are favored, and extremes are disfavored.

Disruptive Selection

A model where extreme traits are favored, and intermediate traits are disfavored.

Sexual Selection

Selection driven by mate choice, often leading to exaggerated traits.

Trait Mutation

A mutation which leads one animal to value one trait when breeding. Good if that trait is correlated to better overall health.