Population Composition and Population Pyramids

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts, demographic metrics, and structural types of population pyramids based on the lecture.

Population Distribution

The spatial organization of people across the world.

Population Density

A measure describing how many people live in various places.

Population Composition

The demographic makeup of a population, specifically evaluated through age and sex.

Demographics

The distinct and individual traits among people in a population, such as ethnicity, level of education, and income.

Age Structure

The organization of a population based on age groups.

Cohort

An age group into which a population is categorized, typically grouped in five-year increments on population pyramids.

Dependency Ratio

A metric calculated as $\frac{\text{Number of people in dependent age groups}}{\text{Number of people in working age groups}} \times 100$.

Dependents

People who are dependent on others to survive because they are too young or too old to work, generally defined as individuals younger than $15$ and older than $65$.

Sex Ratio

The numerical comparison of males to females in a population.

China's One-Child Policy

A population control policy introduced in China in the 1970s that, combined with a cultural preference for male children, led to an unbalanced sex ratio.

Population Pyramid

A graphical tool used to analyze population composition by plotting five-year age cohorts on the y-axis and the sex ratio on the x-axis.

Rapid Growth Population Pyramid

A population pyramid wide at the bottom and narrow at the top, indicating a high birth rate and shorter lifespan, typical of developing countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Slow Growth Population Pyramid

A population pyramid where the birth rate is slightly higher than the death rate, indicating slow growth, as seen in China.

Stable Growth Population Pyramid

A population pyramid with similar birth and death rates and an even distribution across age ranges, resulting in a growth rate near zero, as seen in the United States.

Declining Population Pyramid

A population pyramid with a base narrower than the top, indicating a declining birth rate and a longer lifespan, as seen in Germany.