EBP#2 Chpt 9: Quantitative Research Design

These flashcards cover key concepts, terminology, and study designs in quantitative nursing research, as presented in the Chapter 9 lecture materials.

Counterfactual

What would have happened to the same people simultaneously exposed and not exposed to the causal factor.

Randomized controlled trial (RCT)

The medical research term for an experiment, true experiment, or experimental study.

Controlled clinical trial

A medical research term for a quasi-experiment or quasi-experimental study that does not involve randomization.

Observational study

The medical research term for a nonexperimental study or correlational study.

Case-control study

The medical research term for a retrospective study.

Cohort study

The medical research term for a prospective nonexperimental study.

Arm

A medical research term used to describe a group or condition, such as an intervention or control arm.

Outcome or endpoint

The medical research terms used to refer to a dependent variable.

Manipulation

An experimental design property where the researcher administers a treatment (intervention) to some subjects and withholds it from others.

Randomization

Involves placing subjects into treatment conditions at random to approximate the ideal counterfactual of having the same people in multiple treatment groups simultaneously.

SNOSE

An acronym for sequentially numbered, opaque sealed envelopes, a procedure used for allocation concealment in randomization.

Blinding or Masking

Procedures used to prevent expectation bias, performance bias, and detection or ascertainment bias.

Patient-centered interventions (PCIs)

Interventions that are tailored to meet individual needs or characteristics rather than following a strict formal protocol for everyone.

Posttest-only design

A basic experimental design, also known as an after-only design, represented by the formula R X O.

Pretest-posttest design

A basic experimental design, also known as a before-after design, where observations are made both before and after an intervention.

Factorial design

A design where two or more variables are manipulated simultaneously to test both main effects and interaction effects.

Washout period

A specific time delay used in crossover designs to prevent carry-over effects from a previous treatment.

Hawthorne effect

A limitation of experiments characterized by the artificiality of the setting or behavior changes resulting from being in a study.

Time series design

Also known as interrupted time series design, it uses multiple observations over time before and after an intervention.

Statistical process control (SPC)

A method used in time series designs to monitor and control a process through statistical means.

Prevalence rate ($PR$)

A measure used in univariate descriptive studies to determine the total number of cases of a condition in a population at a specific time.

Incident rate ($IR$)

A measure used in incidence studies to determine the frequency with which a new condition or event occurs over a specific period.

Self-selection

A limitation of correlational research where the researcher cannot control who enters a group, leading to potential alternative explanations for results.