CLCV 102 Unit 6

Urologists treat?

conditions of female and male urinary tract, and the male reproductive tract

Nephrologists treat…?

kidney conditions like renal failure, kidney transplants, and dialysis

Urinary System Function

to maintain homeostasis by removing waste, adjusting water and electrolyte levels, and keeping a normal pH

Kidney produces…?

urine

Urine flows through…?

1) kidneys

2) ureter

3) urinary bladder

4) urethra

Genitourinary System

this system is in males as the urinary and reproductive system share urethra

8 Structures of the Male Reproductive Organs

1) Testes

2) epididymis

3) vas deferens

4) seminal vesicles

5) prostate gland

6) bulbourethral gland

7) urethra

8) penis

balan/o

glans penis

cyst/o

urinary bladder, sac

epididym/o

epididymis

glomerul/o

glomerulus

lith/o

stone

nephr/o

kidney (greek)

ren/o

kidney (latin)

orchid/o, orchi/o, orch/o

testes

prostat/o

prostate gland

pyel/o

renal pelvis

semin/i

semen

spermat/o or sperm/o

sperm

testicul/o

testes

ur/o or unrin/o

urine

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

vas/o

vas deferens

vesicul/o

seminal vesicle

albumin/o

albumin

azot/o

nitrogen waste

bacteri/o

bacteria

corpor/o

body

crypt/o

hidden

genit/o

genitals

glycos/o

sugar, glucose

hem/o or hemat/o

blood

hydr/o

water

noct/i

night

olig/o

scanty

py/o

pus

rect/o

rectum

ven/o

vein

Glans penis

enlarged tip of the penis, covered by prepuce (foreskin)

Balanorrhea

discharge from the glans penis

Urinary bladder

muscular organs, stores urine produced by kidneys, urine drains to bladder from ureters and exits bladder to urethra

Cystalgia

bladder pain

cystocele

protrusion of the bladder

Cystolith

stone in the bladder

Epididymis

sits on top of each testis, stores sperm produced by testes

Stones

can form in many parts of the body, usually formed from organic or inorganic salts

Lithotripsy

surgical crushing of a stone

Cystolithiasis

abnormal condition of stone in bladder

Kidneys

one on either side of spine at level of lower ribs, thousands of nephrons, urine collects in renal pelvis and drains out the kidney to ureter and on the urinary bladder

Glomerulus of Kidney

filters waste products and excess water and electrolytes out of blood in order to produce urine

Nephromegaly

enlarged kidney

Nephroptosis

drooping kidney

Testes

male reproductive organs producing sperm and testosterone, 2 testes suspended outside body in scrotum,

Orchidectomy

surgical removal of testes

Orchiopexy

surgical fixation of the testes

Orchialgia

testes pain

Anorchism

state of being without testes

Cryptorchism

condition of hidden testes

Surgical Openings, -ostomy

creation of new opening between two organs or between organ and external surface of body

Stoma

new opening on surface of body

Ureterostomy

surgically create an opening in ureter

Pyelostomy

surgically create an opening in renal pelvis

Prostate Gland

one of male reproductive glands, located surrounding urethra at base of bladder, secreted milky fluid

Mily Fluid secreted by Prostate Gland Functions

1) makes up much of liquid portion of semen

2) serves to nourish sperm

Prostatectomy

surgical removal of prostate gland

Renal Pelvis

area inside each kidney where urine collects as it’s being made, each drains to one of the ureters

Pyelonephritis

renal pelvis and kidney inflammation

Renogram

record of the kidney

Sperm

male reproductive cells, produced in testes and ejaculated from body in semen, ½ of chromosomes, when sperm fertilizes ovum new baby created with full set of chromosomes

Spermatogenesis

generates sperm

Spermatolysis

destruction of sperm

Azoospermia

state of being without sperm

Oligospermia

state of having scanty sperm

Testicular

pertaining to a testicle

Ureter

tube leading away from renal pelvis of each kidney, carries urine from kidney to urinary bladder

Ureteritis

ureter inflammation

Ureterostenosis

narrowing of the ureter

Urethra

single urethra leads out of the bladder, carries urine outside of body, external opening is meatus

Urethroplasty

surgical repair of urethra

Urethralgia

urethra pain

-uria

condition of the urine, used to indicate something found in urine or associated with urination

Glycosuria

sugar urine condition

nocturia

night urine condition

urin/o or ur/o

urine

Urine

fluid produced by nephrons of kidneys as they filter wastes, water, and dissolved substances from blood

Urinometer

instrument to measure urine

Uremia

condition of urine in the blood

Vas deferens

long tube, carries sperm from epididymis to urethra, reproductive glands connected to vas deferens add fluids as sperms pass by, making semen

Vasectomy

surgical removal of the vas deferens

Seminal Vesicles

male reproductive glands, behind the bladder, adds fluid to sperm as they pass in vas deferens

Vesiculectomy

surgical removal of the seminal vesicle

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Non-cancerous enlargement of prostate gland; condition places pressure on urethra and narrows it, resulting in frequency, urgency, and nocturia; commonly seen in males over age 50

calculus

Term for “stone formed within organ”; most are formed from mineral salts; commonly found in kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, or urethra; plural is calculi

chlamydia

Bacterial sexually transmitted disease; causes inflammation of urethra of males or cervix of females with purulent discharge

circumcision

Surgical removal of prepuce, or foreskin, from glans penis; commonly performed on newborn male at request of parents; primary reason is for ease of hygiene; also a ritual practiced in some religions

erectile dysfunction

Inability to achieve erection of penis for coitus; also called impotence

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

Treatment procedure for urinary system stones; utilizes ultrasound waves to break up stones; process is non-invasive, meaning it doesnot require surgery

genital herpes

Highly infectious viral sexually transmitted disease; causes blister like lesions on penis of males or cervix and vagina of females

gonorrhea

Bacterial sexually transmitted disease; infects mucous membranes and can spread throughout entire genitourinary system; often does not cause many symptoms until widespread