APHG 2.3&9 : Population Composition and Dependency Ratios

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding population composition, dependency ratios, implications of an aging population, and sex ratios based on the provided lecture notes.

Population Composition

The structure of a population, including the percentage of children, elderly, males, and females.

What are population pyramids used for?

To assess population growth and decline and to predict markets for goods and services.

What does a high dependency ratio indicate?

A high number of dependents (young and elderly) compared to the working-age population.

What is the age range that qualifies as young dependents in the dependency ratio?

Under the age of 15.

What is the age range that qualifies as elderly dependents in the dependency ratio?

Over the age of 65.

What happens to the working population with a high dependency ratio?

They may face higher taxes to support the dependent population.

How can population pyramids indicate population growth?

If the youngest age group (0-4) is larger than the next older group (5-19).

How can population pyramids indicate population decline?

If the youngest age group (0-4) is smaller than the next older group (5-19).

What is a stable population pyramid shape?

Rectangular at the bottom age groups (0-19), indicating stability.

What impact does an aging population have on income taxes?

Elderly individuals typically pay less income taxes.

What is a cause of increased healthcare costs in aging populations?

As life expectancy increases, healthcare costs rise due to more demand for services.

What is a potential career opportunity in response to an aging population?

Positions in the elder care industry, such as geriatric therapists and in-home healthcare providers.

What traditional family structure change is mentioned regarding the aging population?

The bride moves into her husband’s family's residence.

Why is the elderly population often politically active?

They are typically the most politically active group with specific interests in healthcare and retirement.

What is the sex ratio?

The proportion of males to females in a population.

What are some factors that may cause an imbalanced sex ratio?

War, insufficient healthcare for women, migration, and gendercide.

Why are there more women than men aged 80 and up?

Many men in that age group were killed during World War II.

According to the notes, what is the life expectancy for Russian women?

76 years old.

According to the notes, what is the life expectancy for Russian men?

64 years old.

What health issues contribute to lower life expectancy for men?

Alcoholism, suicide, and diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and tuberculosis.

What demographic data can be analyzed in population composition?

The percentage of children, the elderly, and the gender ratio.

What types of dependencies are addressed by the dependency ratio?

Youth dependency and elderly dependency.

What significant societal needs may arise from a high rate of children in the population?

Increased demand for education, childcare, and maternal support.

What could be a major consequence of an increasing aging population?

Increased demand for healthcare infrastructure and elder care facilities.

What does a population pyramid with a narrow base suggest?

A declining or shrinking population.

Why should sex ratio be examined at multiple scales?

Differences in gender ratios can vary significantly across regions and cultures.