Exam 2 PSY 341 Vocab

Malingering

When false symptoms are reported for the purpose of material or other explicit benefit.

Primary Gain

The reward associated with keeping internal conflicts out of conscious awareness

Secondary Gain

The reward associated with avoiding unpleasant activities or receiving sympathy

Synergistic Effects

How a drug’s result is enhanced or otherwise altered when you take multiple substances

Cross tolerance

Resistance to a drug through continued use of another drug with similar pharmacological action

Antagonist Drug

Drugs that block the effects of a substance to help reduce dependence on that substance

Withdrawal

Feelings of discomfort, distress, and craving for a substance when use of the substance is stopped

Telescoping

The phenomenon where women experience negative effects of substance use more rapidly than men

Contingency Management

Systematic use of reinforcement in which a person is rewarded for adherence to treatment

Reward-Deficiency Syndrome

The perspective that people abuse drugs because their brains are less capable of producing pleasure from normative reward behaviors, such as eating and sex

Incentive-Sensitization Theory

The perspective that a drug will stimulate neurobehavioral systems at a great intensity than in the past, providing increased pleasure from the use of the drug

Learned Helplessness

The phenomenon where a person perceives a lack of control over receiving reinforcements

Anhedonia

The lack of pleasure or interest in doing life activities that is associated with severe depression

Somatization

The communication of psychological distress through physical symptoms