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Osteoporosis complication (Low BMI risk)

Low BMI: high & low trauma fractures

Osteoporosis complication (Spinal deformity effect)

Spinal deformity → RS & CVS compromise

Osteoporosis prevention (Lifestyle modifications)

Exercise, stop smoking, reduce alcohol

Osteoporosis prevention (Dietary avoidances)

Avoid soft drinks and caffeine

Calcium daily prevention requirement (Adults)

Adults: ≥1000 mg/day

Calcium daily prevention requirement (Postmenopausal women)

Postmenopausal women: 1500 mg/day

Vitamin D daily prevention requirement (Elderly)

Vitamin D: ≥800 IU/day in elderly

Osteoporosis screening guidelines (Women)

Women: ≥ 65 years, earlier if risk factors

Osteoporosis screening guidelines (Men)

Men: ≥ 70 years, 50-69 years with risk factors

Osteoporosis screening indication (Adult fracture history)

Fracture after age 50

Osteoporosis target BMI range

BMI 20-25

Dietary sources rich in calcium, Mg, Vit D & K

Yogurt, cheese, fish, vegetables, olive oil, milk, eggs

Sunlight exposure recommendation

15-20 min/day at midday (10 am - 4 pm)

Osteoporosis weight-bearing exercise options

Walking, hiking, jogging, stairs (NOT swimming/biking)

Osteoporosis moderate intensity aerobic exercises

Cycling, walking, swimming

Osteoporosis supplement daily dose (Calcium)

Calcium: 1200 mg/day

Osteoporosis supplement daily dose (Vitamin D)

Vitamin D: 600–800 IU/day

Osteoporosis treatment threshold (BMD -1 to -2.5 SD)

Treat if fracture present or FRAX score ≥ 20% (major) or ≥ 3% (hip)

Osteoporosis treatment threshold (BMD < -2.5 SD)

Treat, regardless of fracture status