Organics Pt1

Chiral center

joined to four different groups, sp3 hybridized

Structural isomer

Same molecular formula but different arrangement (types: chain, positional, functional group)

Amido

Alkoxy

R-O

__ reacts with acidified potassium dichromate to make acid

Primary alcohols or aldehydes

Number of optical isomers is usually

2^no. of chiral centers

Increased branching effect on solubility

Increases solubility because less surface area of the non-polar region. A smaller non-polar surface area decreases the London dispersion forces between solute molecules, making it easier for polar water molecules to break up the solute-solute interactions

Hydrogenation catalyst required

Nickel

Ozone layer depletion reactions

Cl^. + O₃ → ClO^. + O₂
ClO^. + O₃ → Cl^. + 2O₂

Hydration reaction

Reaction of alkene with water to form alcohol (sulfuric acid 30 celcius and 600 atm required)

Hydrogen bonding definition

H that is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom of a neighboring molecule such as F, O, or N.

Why is secondary carbocation formed more than primary carbocation?

Secondary carbocation is more stable
Secondary carbocation has greater inductive effect (2 electron releasing alkyl groups as opposed to one)