Ch 3, pt - Molecules of Life

polymer

a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks

monomer

small building block molecules

carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids

polymers

hydrolysis

add water to break bonds

dehydration synthesis

remove water to form bonds

carbohydrates

include sugars and the polymers of sugar

monosaccharides

single sugars, CH2O—glucose (C6H12O6) is most common

polysaccharides

polymer composed of many sugar building blocks

monosaccharides

serve as major fuel for cells and raw material for building molecules

polysaccharides

polymer composed of many sugar building blocks

monosaccharides in aqueous solutions

they form rings

what is covalent bond in disaccharide called?

glycosidic linkage

disaccharide

dehydration synthesis joins two monosaccharides

monosaccharides in aqueous solutions

form rings

carbohydrate bonding

glycosidic linkage

starch is _______ polysaccharide

storage

glycogen is _______ polysaccharide

storage

cellulose is __________ polysaccharides

structural

starch

plant polysaccharide

glycogen

animal polysaccharide and found in liver

what is cellulose formed from?

microfibrils

where is hydroxyl in cellulose?

right up

which organisms can digest cellulose because of produced enzymes

microorganisms

why can’t humans digest cellulose?

it has directionality (up and down)

what does cellulose give humans?

fibers

alpha glucose

hydroxyl on right down

starch

1-4 linkage of alpha glucose monomers

cellulose

1-4 linkage of beta glucose monomers

disaccharide

two monosaccharides joined with dehydration synthesis

cellulose

major component of tough wall of plant

polymer of glucose with different linkage (up or down)

cellulose

cell walls

made of cellulose

chitin is a __________ polysaccharide

exoskeleton for arthropods

what kind of support does chitin give?

structural support for cell walls in fungi

what can chitin be used for?

surgical thread because it decomposes after wound or incision

triglycerol

3 fatty acids + glycerol molecule

bonding of fats

forms water and gets removed for dehydration synthesis and forms an ester linkage (covalent bond being formed between fatty acids and glycerol)

function of fats

energy storages

saturated fat

carbon skeleton is saturated with hydrogen; stacked neatly; are solid at room temp; no double bonds; straight (butter and lard)

unsaturated fat

at least one double bond; bends; liquid because it doesn’t stack neatly (olive and canola oil)

makeup of phospholipid

2 fatty acid tails + phosphate group attached to glycerol

function of phosopholipid

makes up cell membrane

steroids (lipids)

characterized by a carbon skeleton consisitng of 4 fused rings

choloestrol

need for cell membranes; component in animal cell membrane