Endocrinology Week 6

What is Cushing's disease hyper secretion of?

ACTH

What are the 3 hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex?

Cortisol

Aldosterone

Sex steroids (mostly testosterone)

What are the functions of cortisol?

Gluconeogeneis and anti-inflammation

What is the function of aldosterone?

Save sodium and secrete potassium

What type of tumor can cause Cushing's disease?

corticotropinoma

T or F: Hypercortisolism is anabolic

False (catabolic)

What are the effects of hypercortisolism?

Gluconeogenesis

Hyperglycemia

Increased blood lipids

Osteoporosis

Muscle wasting

What is the most likely cause of thyroid issues?

Problems with the thyroid gland

T or F: TSH hyper secretion is often the cause of thyroid problems

False (it is very rare)

Which cells of the thyroid gland make T3 and T4?

Follicle cells

What is the common name of T4?

Thyroxine

What is the term fora. visibly enlarged thyroid gland?

Goiter

T or F: Goiters can be caused by either hyper or hypo thyroid action

True

What does a symmetrical goiter indicate?

Increased TSH secretion

A deficiency of what trace mineral can cause a goiter?

Iodine

What is the main source of iodine in the diet?

Sea water or iodized salt

Why is goiter endemic to certain geographic locations?

Lack of access to iodine

What condition will cause a nontoxic goiter?

Hypothyroidism

What condition causes a toxic goiter?

Hypersecretion of T4

What ingredient found in fertilizers and rocket fuel poisons the thyroid gland?

Perchlorate

What type of goiter can be caused by perchlorate?

Nontoxic

What type of thyroid disease is grave's disease?

Hyperthyroidism

What organ is most affected by hyperthyroidism?

Heart

What type of antibody binds to TSH receptors on the thyroid gland?

LATS antibody

What is the effect of LATS antibody on TSH receptors of the thyroid gland?

Stimulation

How will TSH levels appear in a patient with grave's disease?

Diminished

What finding of the eye is present in grave's disease?

Exophthalmos

What does LATS stand for?

Long acting thyroid stimulator

What is the initial symptomology of Hashimoto's disease?

Thyrotoxicosis

What causes the initial symptoms of Hashimoto's disease?

release of thyroid hormone due to destruction of thyroid follicles

What are the late symptoms of Hashimoto's disease?

Absent thyroid output

What causes the late symptoms of Hashimoto's disease?

Total destruction of thyroid follicles

What is the term for early onset hypothyroidism caused by iodine-deficient mothers?

Cretinism

Delay of development of what structures can be caused by cretinism?

Mental and skeletal

What is the term for hypothyroidism in adults?

Myxedema

Which thyroid issue is associated with weight gain, low heart rate, cold intolerance, and depression?

Hypothyroidism

Which thyroid issue is associated with weight loss, heat intolerance, and rapid heart rate?

Hyperthyroidism

What hormones are tested for in a thyroid lab?

T4, T3, TSH

Which thyroid lab is more expensive, but less accurate?

Equilibrium dialysis

Which thyroid lab is less expensive, but less accurate?

Analog method

What condition is present if TSH is increased, while T4 and T3 are low?

Diminished thyroid activity (probably due to lack of iodine)

What condition is present if TSH is increased, while T4 and T3 are also increased?

Hyperactive anterior pituitary

What condition is present if TSH is decreased, while T4 and T3 are also decreased?

Hypoactive anterior pituitary

What is the AKA of TSH?

Thryotropin

What is the function of thyrocalcitonin?

Reduce serum calcium

What does thyrocalcitonin act on?

Kidneys (to reabsorb calcium)

Osteoblasts (to build more bone)

What is the cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?

Benign tumor of the parathyroids

What hormone Puts Phosphate in the Pee?

PTH

What is the cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

Renal osteodystrophy (kidney disease that destroys the bones)

What type of parathyroid condition can cause osteitis fibrosa cystica?

Hyperparathyroidism

Which thyroid condition is usually iatrogenic?

Hypoparathyroidism

What is an AKA for hypocalcemic tetani?

Charli horse

What type of tumor tends to stimulate autoimmune disease?

Thymomas

What type of autoimmune disease are often seen with thymomas?

Myasthenia Gravis

Lambert Eaton syndrome