kidney f
- EXCRETION of waste
- ELIMINATION of foreign substances
- REGULATION of H2O in body
- CONTROL OF CONCENTRATION of compound in extracellular fluid
main type of waste
urea
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kidney f
- EXCRETION of waste
- ELIMINATION of foreign substances
- REGULATION of H2O in body
- CONTROL OF CONCENTRATION of compound in extracellular fluid
main type of waste
urea
when urea produced
when food containing protein are broken down in body
urea - transport process
carried in bloodstream to kidneys where it is filtered then expelled in urine
urine production factors
- amount of FOOD AND FLUID CONSUMED
- FLUID LOSS through sweat and breathing
- certain types of medication
nephrons in kidney num
over 1 million
function of nephron
removing waste products
basic renal processes
1. filtration
2. absorption
3. secretion
filtration l
glomerular capsule
filtration from
glomerulus to bowman's capsule
filtrate includes
- water
- urea
- food materials
- other ions
- hormones
- ingested substances
why no blood and protein
too large to pass through
reabsorption l
proximal convoluted tubule
reabsorption what
selective movement of filtered substances from nephron tubule back into capillaries by diffusion and active transport
- causes water to diffuse back by osmosis
filtered substances eg
- dissolved substances
- salt
- urea for pH balance
secretion l
distal convluted tubule
secretion what
H and NH4 ions, K secreted from blood into DCT TO MAINTAIN BODY pH LEVELS
facultative reabsorption
active process of reabsorbing water and urea in DCT and CD under hormonal control (ADH)
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
thick arteriole
afferent arteriole
small arteriole
efferent arteriole
deanimation
Amino group (NH2) removed from the Amino acid in the liver by enzymes.
organs involved with excretion
lung, sweat gland, kidney
skin
•Protective layer, helps to regulate body temperature
sweat consists of
water, urea, sodium chloride and lactic acid. Some drugs may also be secreted
liver func
process and breakdown excess proteins which cannot be stored
waht amino acids used for
make other proteins
where amino acid and protein lost
urine, hair, skin
protein func
make up cell struc, enzyme, antibodies
- if energy resources used up, can be metabolised
process of denamiation
NH2 convert to ammonia then finally urea
urea secreted in urine
rest of amino acid convert to carb
Chemical eq denanimation
•Amino acid + oxygen → carbohydrate + ammonia
liver converts ammonia to urea eq chemical
ATP + CO2 + NH3 → CH4N2O + H2O
liver converts ammonia to urea eq word
energy + carbon dioxide + ammonia → urea + water
liver other func
detoxifies alcohol and other drugs
haemoglobin is broken down to produce bile pigments
passed out of body with faeces