excretory system

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kidney f

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- EXCRETION of waste

- ELIMINATION of foreign substances

- REGULATION of H2O in body

- CONTROL OF CONCENTRATION of compound in extracellular fluid

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main type of waste

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urea

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34 Terms

1
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kidney f

- EXCRETION of waste

- ELIMINATION of foreign substances

- REGULATION of H2O in body

- CONTROL OF CONCENTRATION of compound in extracellular fluid

2
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main type of waste

urea

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when urea produced

when food containing protein are broken down in body

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urea - transport process

carried in bloodstream to kidneys where it is filtered then expelled in urine

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urine production factors

- amount of FOOD AND FLUID CONSUMED

- FLUID LOSS through sweat and breathing

- certain types of medication

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nephrons in kidney num

over 1 million

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function of nephron

removing waste products

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basic renal processes

1. filtration

2. absorption

3. secretion

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filtration l

glomerular capsule

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filtration from

glomerulus to bowman's capsule

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filtrate includes

- water

- urea

- food materials

- other ions

- hormones

- ingested substances

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why no blood and protein

too large to pass through

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reabsorption l

proximal convoluted tubule

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reabsorption what

selective movement of filtered substances from nephron tubule back into capillaries by diffusion and active transport

- causes water to diffuse back by osmosis

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filtered substances eg

- dissolved substances

- salt

- urea for pH balance

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secretion l

distal convluted tubule

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secretion what

H and NH4 ions, K secreted from blood into DCT TO MAINTAIN BODY pH LEVELS

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facultative reabsorption

active process of reabsorbing water and urea in DCT and CD under hormonal control (ADH)

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ADH

antidiuretic hormone

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thick arteriole

afferent arteriole

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small arteriole

efferent arteriole

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deanimation

Amino group (NH2) removed from the Amino acid in the liver by enzymes.

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organs involved with excretion

lung, sweat gland, kidney

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skin

•Protective layer, helps to regulate body temperature

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sweat consists of

water, urea, sodium chloride and lactic acid.  Some drugs may also be secreted

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liver func

process and breakdown excess proteins which cannot be stored

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waht amino acids used for

  • make other proteins

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where amino acid and protein lost

urine, hair, skin

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protein func

  • make up cell struc, enzyme, antibodies
    - if energy resources used up, can be metabolised

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process of denamiation

  • NH2 convert to ammonia then finally urea

  • urea secreted in urine

  • rest of amino acid convert to carb

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Chemical eq denanimation

•Amino acid + oxygen → carbohydrate + ammonia

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liver converts ammonia to urea eq chemical

ATP    +      CO2  + NH3    → CH4N2O + H2O

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liver converts ammonia to urea eq word

energy + carbon dioxide + ammonia → urea + water

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liver other func

  • detoxifies alcohol and other drugs

  • haemoglobin is broken down to produce bile pigments

    • passed out of body with faeces