us history 2a unit study

Sectionalism

People care more about what benefits their specific area

Nullification

theory where states can reject a federal law they consider unconstitutional

Assimilation

smaller groups start adoptijng cultures of a larger groups

Reform

making changes to a system or policy in order to improve or correct it

Manifest Destiny

1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent.

Annexation

One country takes over a piece of land and makes it part of its own territory

Popular Sovereignty

power of government comes from the consent of the people

Henry Clay's Ameican System

1. 2nd bank of the US to stabilize the US currency

2. Tariffs to promote US industry

3. A national system of internal improvements

Election of 1828

1. 1st election, non-property-holding white males could vote in a vast majority of states

2. 1st modern political party jackson and supporters called themselves"Democrats"

Jacksonian Democracy

1. Expanded suffrage

2. Politicians have to appeal to the "common man" to get elected

3. Expanded power of the presidency

Nullification Crisis

Tariffs of 1828= "tariffs of abomination"

1832: Calhoun- states can nullify federal laws if they do not agree with them

1833: Force Bill- the president can use troops to enforce tariff laws

SC gives up on nullification

Jackson war against the bank

Jackson hated the BUS

Congress voted to renew the bank's BUt- jackson vetoed this

Indian Removal Act

"five civilized tribes" were exchanged for their land in the southeast for land west of the Mississippi River

Worcester v. Georgia

Cherokee sued Georgia, and the case went to the Supreme Court. John Marshall ruled in Cherokee's favor, but John Marshall didn't listen

Trail of Tears

forced relocation of native americans out of the SE and into indian territroy out west

Rise of the Whig Party

Envolded into the national political party of groups opposed to Andrew Jackson

Spoils System

replaced federal officeholders with friends and supporters

The Second Great Awakening (1800's-1830's)

Religious revival movement aimed at combating the evils of society.

Led to era of social reforms in 1800's

Abolitism

Movement to end slavery

William Lloyd Garrison

most prominent radical abolitionist who called for immediate slave emancipation

prominent black abolitionist

former slaves (fredrick douglugs and Sojourner Truth)

Womens right movement

Abolitism raised awareness of inequaility for another group(women).

First women's rights convention in the US (Seneca Falls Convention) (1848)

Delclaration of sentiments proclaimed:

1. demanded righst to vote

2. rejected ideas of seperate roles for women -> total eqaulity

Causes of Westward expansion

1. ecnomic: south wanted more land to expand cotton. North wanted raw materials and markets for industrial goods.

2. Political: south wnated to add more slave states

3. Geohgraphy: recent purchase of lousiaa territory and winning war 1812

Missouri Compromise 1820

Maine as free state, Missouri as slave state, slavery prohibited north of 36°30'

Monore Doctrine

Any European interference in the newly independent nations of America would be considered a hostile act against the United States

Texas Annexation (1845)

• Americans continued to move west and brought slavery with them

• Texas was annexed by the US in 1845

Mexican- American War

President Polk was determined to achieve America's Manifest Destiny.

Growing tension between the US and Mexico.

United States won the war.

Treaty of Guadlupe

Ended the American Mexican war and US gained modern day South West.

The wilmot proviso

Presented by Northerners in 1846.

Banned slavery in the Mexican Cession in order to prevent the spread of slavery.

Revealed DEEP divison over slavert expansion out west

Califoria & The free-soilders

1848- gold discovered in California

300,00 people moved during the califoria gold rush

Free soil movement

opposed the spread of slavery into new western territories

Oregon Territory (1848)