5 - Sensory and Reproduction

What are the different sensory systems?

Mechanical

Thermal

Chemical

Vision

What are the 3 cells that make up trichoid sensilla?

Trichogen cell (hair/setae)

Tormogen cell (socket)

Sensory neuron

What is the response of the sensilla proportional to?

The amount of movement

What is the level of sensitivity of the sensilla linked to?

The size of the hair

What makes up the proprioceptors?

Hair plate (joints)

Stretch receptor (muscles)

Campaniform sensilla (stress detectors)

How do insects detect sound?

Air or substrate vibration

What are the roles of hearing in insects?

Mate location

Predator avoidance

What are the 2 types of hearing?

Fluid (air and water) movement

Substrate vibration

What is used to detect air movements?

Trichoid sensilla

What do longer trichoids respond to?

Low intensity/frequency

What do shorter trichoids respond to?

High intensity/frequency

What are 4 types of chordotonal organs?

Johnston’s organ (pedicel of antennae)

Subgenual organ (all tibia)

Intermediate organ

Crista acusitica

Where are the tympana located on coleoptera, diptera, and hemiptera?

Widespread on the body, but never on the head

What is the outside of the membrane of tympana exposed to?

Exposed to air

What is the inside membrane of the tympana?

An air-filled space or cavity

How do insects make noise?

Stridulation

How do most insects detect temperature?

Using their antennae

What is heat detection used for?

Finding food

Finding oviposition sites in burned/burning trees

What are the different pheromones used for intraspecific communication?

Sex

Aggregation

Spacing

Trail-marking

Alarm

What are the different chemicals used to communicate interspecifically?

Kairomones

Allomones

Synomones

What are the different forms of vision in insects?

Dermal detection

Stemmata (lateral ocelli)

Compound eyes

What are the different ways insects find mates?

Songs

Light signaling

Swarming males

Attraction to food resource

Pheromones

What are the different forms of courtship?

Visual displays

Tactile stimulation

Acoustic

Bringing nuptial gifts

What are the different methods of egg laying?

Oviparity

Ovoviviparity

Viviparity

What are the different forms of viviparity?

Pseudoplacental

Haemocoelous

Adenotrophic

What are the different results of parthenogenesis?

Thelytoky

Arrhenotoky

Amphitoky