Community Health Unit 2

Consumer Price Index (CPI)

measures the average change over time in the prices of a representative sample of popular items that consumers buy

crisis poverty

a situation where a large segment of the population experiences extreme deprivation, lacking basic necessities

cultural attitudes

the shared beliefs, values, customs, and norms of a society that shape an individual's worldview, behaviors, interactions, and perceptions of the world.

deinstitutionalization

process of releasing individuals from large-scale institutions, such as mental hospitals, prisons, and orphanages, into smaller, community-based settings

Federal Poverty Guidelines

yearly income thresholds issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to determine eligibility for certain federal programs

multigenerational poverty

a cycle where children born into poverty remain poor as adults and pass that poverty to their own children

neighborhood poverty

the concentration of poverty within specific geographical areas, typically measured by the percentage of households living below the federal poverty level

noncustodial parents

parent who has been ordered by the court to pay child support and generally does not live with the child

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

food benefits to low-income families to supplement their grocery budget so they can afford the nutritious food

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)

federal-state program providing block grants to states for cash assistance and related services to low-income families with children

toxic stress

state of prolonged and excessive stress that can have lasting negative effects

case management

a collaborative process of planning, providing, and monitoring services to meet a client's needs and achieve their goals

comprehensive services

the broad spectrum of health and medical services needed by an individual or population

cross-sectoral approach

a collaborative strategy where different sectors work together to address complex health issues by focusing on factors beyond traditional clinical care

vulnerability

a person or population's increased susceptibility to harm or neglect

resilience

capacity of healthcare organizations, teams, and individuals to adapt to changes and challenges to maintain high-quality care

risk

uncertainty associated with potential adverse events that could negatively impact patient safety

health disparities

differences in health status, disease burden, and access to healthcare services between different groups of people

health equity

the fair and just distribution of health resources, opportunities, and outcomes so that all people have the same potential to achieve their best possible health

human capital

the value of an organization's employees based on their collective skills, knowledge, and experience

wrap around services

personalized, team-based, and holistic support to address complex needs by coordinating various services tailored to an individual's or family's strengths and goals

 environmental epidemiology

a branch of public health that studies the relationship between environmental exposures and human health outcomes

environmental justice

everyone deserves the right to a clean, healthy environment and equal participation in decisions about their communities

environmental standards

a rule or criterion set to limit pollution, conserve resources, and protect the environment and human health

epidemiological triangle

understand the interaction of factors that contribute to the occurrence and spread of diseases: agent, environment, host

fracking

process that injects water, sand, and chemicals at high pressure into underground rock formations to release trapped oil and natural gas (concerning)

persistent bioaccumulative toxins (PBTs)

chemicals that last a long time in the environment, build up in living organisms and the food chain, and are harmful to health and ecosystems: pesticides, mercury, dioxins

persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

toxic, man-made chemicals that can travel long distances through the environment, persist for long periods, and accumulate in the food chain (carbon based)

Prevention/treatment of substance abuse including smoking and vaping

• education/ awareness: school programs, campaigns

• policy: age restructions, bans, taxation

• meds: NRT, patches, scrips

• therapy, peer support, groups

Interventions to help the homeless receive proper healthcare

• mobile care

• shelter based clinics

• multidisciplinary teams

Education provided to parents to help parents education their children on sexual health

• accurate, open, appropriate communication

• values and boundaries

• address media and technology

Teen pregnancy, risk factors, interventions both prenatal and care of infant

• risk factors: lack of education, substance use, low mental health, poverty, lack of access, unsafe neighborhoods

• interventions: education, contraception, support groups, skill building, access, to prenatal care

Ways to promote resilience in vulnerable population both short term and long term

• short term: emergency necessities, clear information, peer support, daily routines

• long term: improve social services, expand access to healthcare, rec centers, financial literacy, update laws

Identifying/assessing  mental health issues in vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly 

• children: behavioral and developmental changes, school performance, aggression

• cognitive decline, anxiety, link with physical health

Interventions and education on ways to end the cycle of abuse/poverty

• financial support

• programs

• mental health services

• childhood education

• community education

What key nursing actions would you implement when providing care to a client from a vulnerable population?  Be able to provide concrete examples of these actions.  

• trauma informed care: explaining procedures

• therapeutic communication: low pressure questions, attitude

• comprehensive assessments

• education: deep explanations

Be able to implement the IPREPARE risk assessment.  Be able to ask specific questions to evaluate an individual's environmental work health risk.  

• investigate: current health concerns

• present work: current occupation? safety measures at job?

• residence: where have you lived? asbestos, mold?

• environmental concerns: pollution or contaminated water? air concern?

• past work: previous jobs? have u worked with hazards in past?

• activities: hobbies? extracurricular activities?

• referrals and resources: medical care for env. exposures? resources for environmental health issues?

• educate: information on potential hazards? can we help you learn more about environmental health?