A&P- Upper Limb Quiz

Shoulder separation happens through the breakage of which ligaments?

Acromioclavicular Joint, Coracoclavicular Joint

What muscles are involved in the flexion of the shoulder?

Anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, coracobrachialis

What muscles are involved in the extension of the shoulder?

Posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, triceps brachii (long head)

What muscles are involved in shoulder abduction?

Lateral deltoid, supraspinatus

What muscles are involved in shoulder adduction?

Pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, teres major, latissimus dorsi

What muscles are involved in the lateral rotation of the shoulder?

Infraspinatus, teres minor

What muscles are involved in the medial rotation of the shoulder?

Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis

What are the muscles in the rotator cuff?

Supraspinatus(abduction), Infraspinatus(lateral rotation), Teres minor (adduction, lateral rotation), Subscapularis (medial rotation)

What does it mean when someone has a “torn rotator cuff”?

It means they have a supraspinatus tendon tear

What shoulder muscles are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?

Brachialis, biceps brachii, coracobrachialis

What shoulder muscle is innervated by the radial nerve?

triceps brachii

What shoulder muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve?

deltoid and teres minor

What is the function of the rotator cuff?

The rotator cuff protects the glenohumeral joint

What happens during a shoulder dislocation?

During shoulder dislocation, the glenohumeral joint is dislocated due to a blow at the weakest point of the rotator cuff

What is in the axilla?

brachial plexus and branches, axillary artery and vein and branches, surrounding lymph nodes, (arm pit)

What are some radial nerve injuries?

Humeral Midshaft Fracture

“Crutch Palsy”- prolonged axial compression, leading to loose extension at the wrist and elbow, and wrist drop (they can’t extend wrist)

What are the elbow joints?

humeroroulnar joint, radioulnar joint

What are the elbow ligaments?

Ulnar collateral ligaments, Annular ligament, Radial collateral ligament

What are some elbow injuries?

Nursemaid’s Elbow- radius bone slips out due to loose annular ligament

Tommy John Surgery/injury- pitcher’s injury, ruptured ulnar collateral ligaments

What muscles are involved in the flexion of the elbow?

Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

What muscle is involved in extension of the elbow?

Triceps Brachii

What muscles are involved in the supination of the elbow?

Supinator, biceps brachii

What muscles are involved in pronation of the elbow?

pronator teres, pronator quadratus

What muscles of the elbow are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?

Brachialis, Biceps brachii, Coracobrachialis

What muscles of the elbow are innervated by the radial nerve?

Triceps brachii, supinator, brachioradialis

What muscles of the elbow are innervated by the median nerve?

pronator teres, pronator quadratus

What are the bones of the wrist?

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium

What is in the carpal tunnel?

flexor pollicis longus tendon, median nerve, flexor digitorum superficialis tendons, flexor digitorum profundus tendons

What muscles are involved in wrist flexion?

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus

What muscles are involved in wrist externsion?

extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis

What muscles are involved in wrist abduction?

Flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis

What muscles are involved in adduction of the wrist?

Flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris

What muscles are involved in digit flexion?

Strong flexion- flexor digitorum superficialis

Fine Flexion- flexor pollicus longus, flexor digitorum profundus

What muscles are involved in digit extension?

extensor digitorum, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis

What are the lumbricals involved in?

The lumbricals are involved in extending the hand flat

What muscle is involved in abduction of the digits?

Dorsal interossei

What muscle is involved in the adduction of the digits?

Palmar interossei

What are the hypothenar muscles?

Flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi

What are the thenar muscles?

Adductor pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis

What is a specific movement at the thumb and somewhat at the pinkie?

Opposition

What muscles of the wrist and hand are innervated by the median nerve?

flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum superficialis, lateral ½ of flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, lateral two lumbricals

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a disorder in which the median nerve gets pinched within the carpal tunnel, causing pain and weakness in the hand.

a. What structure of the wrist restricts the space within the carpal tunnel, leading to this condition?

b. Predict the muscles that would be weakened by a severe case of this condition, and which movements would be affected.

a. transverse carpal ligament

b. Thenar muscles (flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis, opponens pollicis), lateral 2 lumbricals, extensors of digits (can be argued)

What wrist and hand muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

most hand muscles, flexor carpi ulnaris, medial ½ of flexor digitorum profundus

What causes that weird feeling when bumping the funny bone?

The ulnar nerve wrapped around medial epicondyle of humerus

What muscles does the radial nerve innervate in the wrist and hand?

All the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm, no posterior muscles in the hand