Blood Typing / Paternity / Transfusions

genetics

The scientific study of heredity

paternity

fatherhood

synthetic

not naturally produced; made by artificial processes

antigen

substance that triggers an immune response

antibody

A protein that acts against a specific antigen

serum

plasma without clotting factors

agglutination

Clumping of microorganisms or blood cells, typically due to an antigen-antibody interaction.

Rh factor

Refers to the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells.

Type A

A antigens and anti-B antibodies

Type B

B antigens and anti-A antibodies

Type O

no antigens, A and B antibodies

Type AB

A and B antigens, no antibodies

accurate

correct in all details; exact.

alleles

Different forms of a gene

ABO blood group

Genetically determined classes of human blood that are based on the presence or absence of carbohydrates A and B on the surface of red blood cells. The phenotypes, also called blood types, are A, B, AB, and O.

genotype

An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.

phenotype

An organism's physical traits.

dominant allele

An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.

recessive allele

An allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote.

heterozygote

organism that inherits two different alleles for a given gene

homozygous

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait

exclude

to leave out

candidate

a person or thing regarded as suitable for or likely to receive a particular fate, treatment, or position

paternity test

A test to identify an individual's father

homozygous dominant

Both alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and dominant (AA)

homozygous recessive

Both alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and recessive (aa)