SCH4U Equilibrium / Acid + Base

Equilibrium

the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the rate of the reverse reaction

Homogenous Equilibrium

reactants and products are in the same phase

Heterogenous Equilibrium

reactants and products are in different phases

exothermic

very _________ are unlikely to reach equilibrium

does not affect

catalyst _________ equilibrium

Equilibrium Constant (Kc)

represents the position of equilibrium at a given time

does not affect

solid __________ equilibrium

Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)

Kc but no reactants due to the solid

Molar solubility

concentration of salt that dissolves to reach equilibrium

Reaction Quotient (Q)

the rate ratio before reaching the equilibrium; determine the progress of the reaction

lower

reactions are spontaneous in the irection that ______ ∆G

G = -RTlnK

equation to get gibb’s free energy using equilibrium constant

< 0

∆G when K_c > 1

0

∆G when K_c = 1

> 0

∆G when K_c < 1

CH3COOH, HF, HCOOH

3 weak acids

NH3, CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH

3 weak bases

fully dissociate

weak acid/base does not __________

stronger acid

larger K_a means

weaker acid

larger pK_a means

increases

the degree of dissociation ________ as solution is more diluted despite the decrease of [OH-]

Hydrolysis

reaction of conjugate acid/base ions with water

Kw = Ka * Kb

relationship through which K_a or K_b can be calculated from the other

Common Ion Effect

ion in the product is present from another source

pKa or PKb should be similar to pH or pOH

condition that must be met to create a buffer solution

1:1

approximate ratio of [weak acid/base] and [conjugate ion] when creating a buffer solution

2:1

approximate ratio of [weak acid/base] and [strong base/acid] when creating a buffer solution

salt

when H⁺ is added to a buffer solution, it reacts with base ion from the _______

undissociated weak acid

when OH^- is added to a buffer solution, it reacts with _________

H+ removed

conjugate base/acid has its ______ _______