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Who described the inter weaving of jazz and classical music as “jazzing the classics” and “classicizing jazz?”

Deborah Mawer

Have fun Drew and good luck!

thank you thank you did I ever tell you how smart and gorgeous and funny you are?

What did Deborah Mawer describe?

Jazzing the classics and classicizing jazz

Who incorporated Javanese elements into his music after hearing a gamelan orchestra perform at the 1889 Universal Exposition?

French composer Claude Debussy (1862-1918)

French composer Claude Debussy incorporated Javanese elements into his music after hearing what?

a gamelan orchestra perform at the 1889 Universal Exposition

What elements did Debussy incorporate into his compositions after hearing a gamelan orchestra in 1889?

Javanese

During WWI, French listeners heard the first sounds of ragtime, blues, and jazz by what?

live performances of the 369th Infantry Regiment Band

French listeners during WWI first heard the sounds of what from the 369th Infantry Regiment Band?

Ragtime, blues, jazz

What was the 369th Infantry Regiment Band nicknamed?

Hellfighters

Who ran the Hellfighters?

Lt. James Reese Europe (1880-1919)

Lt. James Reese Europe led an orchestra in what state?

NY

Lt. James Europe was a musical director for what 2 dancers?

Vernon and Irene Castle

Vernon and Irene Castle are credited with doing what?

being the 1st to popularize the foxtrot

Who were the first dancers to popularize the foxtrot?

Vernon and Irene Castle

What was the Hellfighters offered in 1917?

to transfer to the French Army as American reinforcements

Lt. Europe was the first African-American officer to do what?

lead his troops into combat during WWI

Who remarked that jazz was assured of a mild succes de scandale (success derived from its notoriety) and when?

Aaron Copland (1900-90) in the 1980s

What is La creation du monde’s translation and what is it?

The Creation of the World (1923), a ballet

Who wrote La creation du monde?

French composer Darius Milhaud (1892-1974)

T/F Milhaud loved to travel

true

Milhaud composed a piano suit about travel called what?

Le globe trotter

Le globe trotter was what kind of instrument suit?

Piano

What resulted in Mihaud’s first major journey?

WWI

Mihaud was a student at where when WWI broke out?

Paris Conservatory

Why couldn’t Mihaud enlist in WWI?

medical reasons

What was Milhaud’s first WWI contribution?

assisting Belgian refugees

After hearing that his closest childhood friends died in combat, what did Milhaud do?

he began working in the foreign ministry’s propaganda department

When did Milhaud begin working in the foreign ministry’s propaganda department?

After he heard that his closest friends died in combat

Who was Milhaud’s friend poet and diplomat?

Paul Claudel (1868-1965)

When Claudel was posted where as the French ambassador in 1917, Milhaud was invited with him as the attache in charge of propaganda?

Brazil

When Claudel was posted in Brazil as what in what year, Milhaud was invited with him as the attache in charge of propaganda?

French ambassador in 1917

When Claudel got posted in Brazil as French ambassador in 1917, he invited Milhaud as what?

the attache in charge of propaganda

When was Claudel was sent from Brazil to Washington D.C?

1918

Claudel was sent from Brazil to what location in 1918?

Washington D.C.

T/F Milhaud went with Claudel to Washington D.C. in 1918

true

T/F Milhaud mentioned lots of popular music he encountered in 1918 memoirs

false, none

Where and when did Milhaud discuss his delight in hearing an American jazz orchestra?

London in 1920

Milhaud discussed that American jazz in 1920 London was extremely subtle in its use of what?

timbre

Milhaud noted how the constant use of ___________ in the melody of American Jazz was so free it gave the impression of unregulated improvisation.

Syncopation

Milhaud noted how the constant use of syncopation in the melody of American Jazz was so free it gave the impression of what?

Unregulated improvisation

When did Milhaud return to France after WWI?

1919

After returning to France in 1919, Milhaud became a frequent visitor to where?

a club in Paris specializing in American Tin Pan Alley, blues, and dance tunes

What 5 French composers did Milhaud make friends with at the Paris Conservatory?

Georges Auric, Louis Durey, Arthur Honegger, Francis Poulenc, and Germaine Tailleferre

A French journalist called Milhaud and his 5 French composer friends what, and when?

Les Six in 1920

Why were Milhaud and his friends called ‘Les Six’?

They had an impulse to write music not derived from the German tradition but instead was open to inspiration from everyday life

What are some locations or qualities of the ‘Les Six’ being open to inspiration from everyday life?

Machines, music hall, circus, jazz band, dryness, brevity, and straightforwardness

Who in 1922 offered to arrange a performance tour for Milhaud in the US?

An American who studied piano with Debussy

When did an American who studied piano with Debussy offer to arrange a performance tour for Milhaud in US?

1922

Biographers are certain that Milhaud saw what musical during his visit in America?

Shuffle Along

Milhaud acquired what recordings to take home with him, the products of the same Black-owned company that gave Henderson his start as a bandleader?

Black Swan

What company commissioned a score from Milhaud?

the Ballets Suedois (the Swedish Ballet)

Milhaud and his collaborators used what as the foundation of their ballet commission?

African creation myth

What is a scenario?

a storyline

The La creation du monde storyline divided the ballet into 6 sections, consisting of what?

an overture and 5 tableaux

Overture is labeled what in La creation du monde?

Prelude

What does tableau in French mean?

scene

What is the I scene in La creation du monde?

The Chaos Before Creation

What is the II scene in La creation du monde?

The slowly lifting darkness, the creation of trees, plants, insects, birds, and beasts

What is the III scene in La creation du monde?

Dance of Created Beings - Man and women created

What is the IV scene in La creation du monde?

The desire of man and woman

What is the V scene in La creation du monde?

The Man and Woman Kiss - Coda

Dancers wore what in La creation du monde?

masks and animal costumes

Who contributed to the ‘La Creation du monde’s costumes and sets?

Modern French artists

How many gods of creation were in La creation du monde?

3

What costumes did the 3 gods of creation wear in La creation du monde?

big heavy inflexible cubist costumes several meters tall

When and where did La creation du monde premiere?

Paris on 10/25/1923

When did Milhaud extract music from the ballet score of La creation du monde and make a concert-suite version for piano and string quartet?

1926

In 1926, Milhaud extracted music from La creation du monde to do what?

make a concert-suite version for piano and string quartet

In a 1922 painting of Les Six, who was absent?

Durey

La creation du monde was the 2nd item advertised in the left column of what year poster for the Ballets Suedois?

1924

La creation du monde was advertised where in a 1924 poster for the Ballets Suedois?

Second item of left column

T/F La creation du monde initially received lots of praise

false, it was very mixed

For La creation du monde, what did critics initially say the music was suited for?

dance-halls and restaurants, not concert-stage

In La creation du monde, 10 years later, what did the critics say?

it was Milhaud’s finest work

Who in 1953 reassessed La creation du monde as a real love affair with jazz?

Leonard Bernstein (1918-90)

Leonard Bernstein claimed that the Creation of the World emerges as a what?

Real love affair with jazz

One of Milhaud’s initial steps for creating toe Overture and Tableau I for LCDM was to do what?

choose the instruments for his ensemble

Milhaud looked to what as his chief of influence for his instrumentation for LCDM?

His NY visit

Milhaud adopted the same orchestra as used in Harlem for LCDM, with how many solo musicians?

17

Milhaud adopted the same orchestra as used in what location fir LCDM, with 17 solo musicians?

Harlem

What did Milhaud credit as the direct inspiration for his LCDM instrumentation?

The Shuffle Along comedy sequel Liza (1922) by Pinkard

During LCDM’s overture, what characteristics are intermixed?

classical and jazz

During LCDM’s overture, the melody of what instrument floats over quiet background pulsations?

alto saxophone

In the LCDM overture, trumpets interject periodically doing what?

play short, riff-like and syncopated second theme

In the LCDM Overture, what instrument plays occasional glissandos?

trombones

A feature associated with art music of the era is Milhaud’s use of what?

polytonality, specifically bitonality

In LCDM overture, what instruments play in D minor?

the saxophone, piano right, violin, and cello

In LCDM overture, the saxophone, piano right, violin, and cello play in what key?

D minor

In LCDM overture, what instruments play in D major?

piano left, string bass, and the timpani

In LCDM Overture, the piano left, string bass, and the timpani play in what key?

D major

The uncommon harmonic layering of LCDM overture can be seen as a way to create what?

the ambiguous blue notes of jazz

LCDM Tab 1 intro presents several instruments performing what kind of patterns?

ostinato

How do the LCDM Tab 1 instruments have a heterophonic effect?

they work against the meter in a hemiola fashion by pulsing into groups of 3 3 3 3 4 instead of 4 4 4 4

LCDM Tab 1 is what time signature?

Cut time

Although the LCDM tab 1 is cut time, most performers put emphasis on…?

the quarter-note pulses in every bar rather than on the 2 half notes

LCDM Tab 1 is divided into what?

A B C

Where does Milhaud incorporate a fugue in LCDM ?

Tab 1 A

A fugue is a less-common structure of what century?

20th

What instrument launches the fugue of LCDM Tab 1 A?

string bass

What is the order of instrument imitating the subject in LCDM Tab 1 A?

trombone, saxophone, trumpet