Cheat sheets for nha and final exam

Order of draw

1. Blood culture and yellow→ SPS

2. Light blue→ Sodium citrate

3. Red→ None

4. Tiger/Gold→ None, gel barrier

5. Green→ Heparin

6. Purple/Pink→ EDTA

7. Gray→ Sodium Fluoride and Potassium Oxalate

8. Yellow→ ACD

Injection Chart

Supine

On your back, palpitation, Infant vitals, EKG, breast exam

Prone

on your tummy, allergy tests, spine exams

Sims

rectal, sleepy position, sigmoidoscope, colonoscopy,

Lithotomy

Vaginal, Pelvic exam, Pap-smear

Trendelenburg

hypotensive, syncope, dizziness

Fowlers

dyspnea, orthopnea, shortness of breath

Electrocardiogram (EKG)

1. SA node

2. AV node

P wave: atrial depolarization

QRS complex: ventricular depolarization

T wave: ventricular repolarization

depolarization→ contracts

repolarization→ relaxes

big= 300

small=1500

r-r= multiply by 10

ear irrigation

adult→ pull up the top of the ear (pinna) and back

infants→ pull down the bottom of the ear (pinna) and back

• same for aural temperature

auricle is the entire structure of the ear

• use warm/room temperature water or saline

• cold water causes vertigo!

eye irrigation

• place pt. in sims or lateral position

• hold kidney basin next to cheek

• hold eye dropper 3-5 cm from eye

• use saline for approx. 15 minutes

drops go from inner canthus to outer canthus

lower lid conjunctival sac for eye drops only

Tourniquet application

• 3-4 inches above AC

• 1 minute or less

• over 1 minute causes hemoconcentration

• DO NOT put a tourniquet on same side as mastectomy, NEVER above an IV

Needle facts (ETS, HUB)

• less than 45 degrees

• bevel up

• 21 standard for healthy veins

butterfly winged infusion set

• 23-25 butterfly

• small fragile veins

• dorsal veins of hand

otoscope

ear

opthalmoscope

eye

sethoscope

sounds

sphygmomanoter

blood pressure

speculum

for vaginal exams, use water based lubricant, high level clean→ use glut.

Forcep

used to grasp, does not cut, removes sutures

hemostat

clamps blood

how do you hand all instruments to doctors?

Handle first

Sterilization

kills microbes and spores, sterile, surgical asepsis

How to sterilize

1. Rinse→ dirty item right after use with cold or room temp water

2. Sanitize→ use cavicide wipe or soak in sanitize solution, this reduces transmission

3. Disinfect→ soak in solution then rinse and pat dry, this reduces microbes and transmission

4. Sterilize→ put in pouch-handle first, must have indicator strip, seal pouch-initial, date time, this kills all microbes and spores

Autoclave

Before: Must have distilled water, preheat to 250 degrees before timing begins, do not stack pouches,

After: open chamber, check if indicator strip changed color, check initials, date, time and store items

Sterile field

1. wash your hands

2. clean mayo stand/table with 10% bleach

3. prepare sterile field

• place drape

• aseptic tech. no gloves

• only touch one inch border

• do not reach across or leave sterile field

4. drop instruments/item into field

• no gloves

• checks exp. date and for defects

• open pouch @ handle end and drop into the center of the field

5. lastly put on sterile gloves

• keep hands above waist level

• only touch sterile items

effects of drugs

therapeutic→ intended, good, why the drug was given

Side effect→ unintended effect, can be good or bad

toxic effect→ harmful, allergic reaction

idiosyncratic→ unknown effect

conversions

• pounds to kilo→ divided by 2

• 5ml=1 teaspoon, 15mL=teaspoon

• 1 cc=1 mL

sublingual, sL

Nitroglycerin,

Transdermal, TD

cream

Vaginal/rectal

suppository

Installation, IT

drops,

injection, IJ

allergy testing(intradermal), tuberculosis ( intradermal)

analgesic

reduces pain

antiemetic

reduces vomiting

anticoagulant

blood thinner

antihistamine

allergies

antilipemic/ statin

lower cholesterol

antitussive

control cough

controlled drugs

regulated by DEA (drug enforcement agency)

scheduled 1= not legal

scheduled 2= new rx (prescription) each time

Vitals

Temp→ 100.4 and above febrile

Pulse→ 60-100 BPM

Respirations→ 12-20

Oxygen Sat.→ 95% or higher

Blood pressure→ 120/80

Pulse

Radial→ thumb side of wrist

Brachial→ inner side @ AC

Apical Pulse→ stethoscope @ 5th intercostal space

Holter moniter

check instructions

do not shower

ABN

Patient is responsible for payement

CMS 1500

Universal billing form

Consent

risks and benefits of service

Workers compensation

Job is responsible for payement

EOB

explanation of benefits→ what insurance will cover

HIPPA

confidentiality

OSHA

safety

CDC

Diseases and Vaccines

FDA

Drug

DEA

scheduled drugs

Joint commission

acredits labs

Clean catch

sterile container, clean genitals, front to back,

urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)→ identifies microbes and kills it

Midstream

clean genitals, void→ collect→ finish voiding

urinalysis→ UTI infection, burning

Clean catch midstream

void in toilet, sterile container, finish voiding in toilet

for UA and C&S

First morning

first void, HCG→ preganancy test

Random (drug test)

ETOH, chain of custody, 90-100 F, must be sealed, no flushing or handwashing