Apush Unit 4

Jeffersonian vs. Jacksonian democracy

Government for vs. by the people.

Louisiana Purchase

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.

Marshall Court

1801-1835: Established judicial review; national government laws over state laws; protect existing contracts.

Marbury v. Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

War of 1812

A war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France. Also impressment was outraging the American citizens. no major changes however led to an increase in nationalism due to victory and ended the federalist party.

Hartford Convention

Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party voiced lack of support for war. ended the power of the party.

Treaty of Ghent

December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.

Era of Good Feelings

A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party however, individual views continued.

American System

Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy. all passed besides expert internal improvement.

Panics of 1819 and 1837

Big economic downturns for the US that were the result of to much credit being handed out and banknotes, which led to inflation

Missouri Compromise

"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states. Thretened balance of power.

Adams-Onis Treaty

(1819) Spain ceded Florida to the United States and gave up its claims to the Oregon Territory

Monroe Doctrine

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

Market Revolution

the major change in the US economy produced by people's beginning to buy and sell goods rather than make them for themselves

Transportation Revolution

A period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new methods of transportation, trains and steamboats leading to construction of cannels.

Interchangeable parts

Identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing

Factory System

This new system gradually replaced localized cottage industry. Workers were paid by the hour instead of for what they produce. On one hand it decreased the need for skilled labor, but in other ways it increased the amount of specialization due to labor being concentrated in factories.

Nativism

the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.

John Quincy Adams

Secretary of State, In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' work. and established border with Canada

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.

Democrats vs. Whigs

Democrats: favored limited national government,Indian removal, collapse of the second bank of the US; opposed to increased tariffs and to federally funded internal improvements; Whigs:stronger central government, favored increased tariffs,federally funded internal improvements, supported second bank of the US and opposed to Indian removal

Bank Veto

Andrew Jackson's 1832 veto of the proposed charter renewal for the Second Bank of the United States. The veto marked the beginning of Jackson's five-year battle against the national bank.

Nullification Crisis

Southerners favored freedom of trade & believed in the authority of states over the fed. gov.--> declared federal protective tariffs null and void; South believed individual state cannot defy fed. gov. alone; led to increased sense among Southerners as "minority" & threat of secession rather than nullification was the South's ultimate weapon

Indian Removal Act

Passed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act's provisions paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West.

Second Great Awakening

A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans.

Transcendentalism

A philosophy pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the 1830's and 1840's, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches. It incorporated the ideas that mind goes beyond matter, intuition is valuable, that each soul is part of the Great Spirit, and each person is part of a reality where only the invisible is truly real. Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and freedom from social constraints, and emphasized emotions.

Temperance Movement

campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverages

Cult of Domesticity

the ideal woman was seen as a tender, self-sacrificing caregiver who provided a nest for her children and a peaceful refuge for her husband, social customs that restricted women to caring for the house

Seneca Falls Convention

(1848) the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written

Declaration of Sentiments

declared that all "people are created equal"; used the Declaration of Independence to argue for women's rights

Woman's Rights Convention at Seneca Falls

Gathering of feminist activists in Seneca Falls, New York, where Elizabeth Cady Stanton read her "Declaration of Sentiments," stating that "all men and women are created equal."

Abolitionism

1830s through Civil War
*Began with the idea of purchasing and transporting slaves to free African states, which had little success
*Anti-slavery societies founded it, and some faced violent opposition
*The movement split into two: 1) radical followers and 2) those who petitioned Congress
*Entered politics through the Liberty Party, calling for non-expansion of slavery into new western territories
*The Liberty Party would eventually combine with the larger Free Soil Party

Lewis and Clark

Sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase.

John Marshall

American jurist and politician who served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1801-1835) and helped establish the practice of judicial review.

Midnight Judges

The 16 judges that were added by the Judiciary Act of 1801 that were called this because Adams signed their appointments late on the last day of his administration.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law

demise of federal party

1812

Henry Clay

A northern American politician. He developed the American System as well as negotiated numerous compromises. roads terrifs second national bank

Tallmadge Amedment

wanted to ban slavery in missouri after 25 years

Eli Whitney

cotton gin and interchangeable parts

factory system

A method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building

democrate-republican party

constrctionist, agrigaria economy, pro war of 1812

federalist

A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures. Anti war of 1812, commercial economy, loose constrctionist

Cotton gin

a machine that removes seeds from cotton fiber allowed for cotton production in the south, which would be shipped to the north for processing.

Growth of middle class

doctors lawyers shopkeepers etc, purchased lesiure goods.

panic of 1819 effect on voting rights

people wanted a voice in gov due to the rich creating economic troubles for soceity

tariff of 1828

led to the nullification crisis due to the southern states being greatly affected as they imported many international goods

Whigs

conservatives and popular with pro-Bank people and plantation owners. Their policies included support of industry, protective tariffs, and Clay's American System. They were generally upper class in origin. Included Clay and Webster

charels finney

preached to all in undertsandle language to the lower classes and led the second great awakening.

Onedia Community

Utopian community organized by John Humphrey Noyes in New York in 1848. Noyes's opposition to private property led him to denounce marriage as the root of the problem. The community embraced sexual and economic communalism, to the dismay of its mainstream neighbors.

Mormonism

formed in 1830, began in new york, expelled due to polygamy, faced greater opposition in Missouri, settled in Utah, highlighted new religious movements of the second great awakening.

force bill

1833 - The Force Bill authorized President Jackson to use the army and navy to collect duties on the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832.

Nat Turner's Rebellion

Rebellion in which Nat Turner led a group of slaves through virginia in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow and kill planter families

Corrupt Bargan

An agreement during the 1824 presidential elections. Neither John Quincy Adams or Andrew Jackson had the majority of electoral votes. Henry Clay, Speaker of the House, rallied votes for Adams and consequently was named the Secretary of State. Jackson believed this was a planned agreement.