Grammar

I am (essere)

io sono

you are (informal) (essere)

tu sei

You are (formal) (essere)

lei è

he/she is (essere)

lui/lei è

we are (essere)

noi siamo

you (plural) are (essere)

voi siete

they are (essere)

loro sono

Essere

to be; when people introduce themselves using personal information like name, place of orgin

I am (stare)

io sto

you are (informal) (stare)

tu stai

you are (formal) (stare)

Lei sta

he/she is (stare)

lui/lei sta

we are (stare)

noi stiamo

you (plural) are (stare)

voi state

they are (stare)

loro stanno

Stare

to be; used to express how someone is doing or feeling

I have (avere)

io ho

you have (avere)

tu hai

he/she has (avere)

lui/lei ha

we have (avere)

noi abbiamo

you (plural) have (avere)

voi avete

they have (avere)

loro hanno

Avere

To have; express physical or emotional states

There is (singular)

C’è

There are (plural)

Ci sono

to like (singular)

piace

to like (plural)

piacciono

nouns starting with a consonant or vowel (maschille)

un

nouns starting with s+consonant or z (masculine)

uno

nouns starting with a consonant (feminine)

una

nouns starting with a vowel (feminine)

un’

Nouns singular to plural (masculine)

-o —> -i
-e —> -i

Nouns singular to plural (feminine)

-a —> -e

-e —> -i

Before nouns starting with a consonant (Masculine) (singular)

il

Before nouns starting with a consonant (Masculine) (plural)

i

Before nouns starting with a consonant (feminine) (singular)

la

Before nouns starting with a consonant (feminine) (plural)

le

Before nouns starting with a vowel (masculine) (singular)

l’

Before nouns starting with a vowel (masculine) (plural)

gli

Before nouns starting with a vowel (feminine) (singular)

l’

Before nouns starting with a vowel (feminine) (plural)

le

Before nouns starting with a s+consonant or z (masculine) (singular)

lo

Before nouns starting with a s+consonant or z (masculine) (plural)

gli

Before nouns starting with a s+consonant or z (feminine) (singular)

la

Before nouns starting with a s+consonant or z (feminine) (plural)

le

Are adjectives are placed before or after the noun?

after

Adjective- masculine, singular

-o

Adjective- masculine, plural

-i

Adjective- feminine, singular

-a

Adjective- feminine, plural

-e

Adjective- masculine/feminine, singular

-e

Adjective- masculine/feminine, plural

-i

Io -are

-o

tu -are

-I

lui/lei -are

a

noi -are

-iamo

voi -are

-ate

loro -are

-ano

io -ere

-o

tu -ere

-i

lui/lei -ere

-e

noi -ere

-iamo

voi -ere

-ete

loro -ere

-ono

io -ire

-o

tu -ire

-i

lui/lei -ire

e

noi -ire

-iamo

voi -ire

-ite

loro -ire

ono

verbs containing *isc-

preferire, finire, copire, pulire

improper verbs

andare, bere, essere, fare, stare

andare

to go

io (andare)

vadio

tu (andare)

vai

lei/lui (andare)

va

noi (andare)

andiamo

voi (andare)

andate

loro (andare)

vanno

bere

to drink

io (bere)

bevo

tu (bere)

bevi

lei/lui (bere)

beve

noi (bere)

beviamo

voi (bere)

bevete

loro (bere)

bevono

fare

to do

io (fare)

faccio

tu (fare)

fai

lei/lui (fare)

fa

noi (fare)

facciamo

voi (fare)

fate

loro (fare)

fanno

sempre/spesso

always/often (AFTER verb)

di solito/ qualche volta/ solitamente/ tavolta

usually/ sometimes (BEFORE verb)

Dire

to say/ to tell

io (dire)

dico

tu (dire)

dici

lu/lei (dire)

dice

noi (dire)

diciamo