ap osych ch6

selective attention

focusing of conscious awareness o a particular stimulus, aka cocktail party effect

inattentional blindness

failing to see visible objects when you attention is directed elsewhere

figure ground

the organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings

proximity

we group nearby figures together

similarity

we group together figures that are similar to each other

continuity

we perceive smooth continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones

connectedness

uniform and linked we perceive it as a single unit

closure

we fill in gaps to create a complete, whole object

depth perception

allows us to judge distance

retinal disparity

binocular; for perceiving depth by comparing two retinal imaged and the greater the disparity the closer the object

convergence

binocular; for perceiving depth, eyes converge inwards when looking at an object, the more inward strain, the closer the object

relative size

smaller retinal image as farther away than larger retinal image

interposition

one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer

relative clarity

hazy objects as farther away than sharper, clear objects

texture gradiant

objects far away appear smaller and more densely packed

relative height

objects higher in our visual field as farther away

relative motion

as we move, objects that are actually stable may appear to move

linear perspective

parallel lined appear to converge with distance

light and shadow

nearby objects reflect more light

perceptual constancy

perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change

phi phenomenon

an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

size constancy

Perceiving objects as having a constant size, even when our distance from them varies

lightness constancy

When we perceive objects as having a constant lightness, even when illumination varies

perceptual adaptation

ability to adjust in an artificially displaced or inverted visual field

perceptual set

mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

context effects

same stimulus can evoke different perceptions in different contexts

Automatically filling in the words in a neon sign even if some of the bulbs are missing demonstrates the importance of:

closure

An artist uses what cue to display depth on flat canvas:

interposition

Nancy stands atop of a rushing river and when she looks down, it feels like she is moving with it.

relative motion

The principles of constancy and closure demonstrate the importance of:

top-down processing

Rick was dissatisfied with his C grade but felt better when he realized the test average was an F:

context effects

As this person is giving directions, two builders rudely interrupt their conversation. when they passed, the person had changed but the directions person didn't notice:

inattentional blindness

This girl found that all her friends were wearing designer jeans, and it made her resent her own off brand jeans:

context effects

Sue saw her chemistry professor everyday, but didnt recognize him on a weekend at the grocerey store:

context effects

The knowledge of a rectangular world results in the:

Mullet-Lyer Illusion

Gestalt is:

the organized whole

The study of extrasensory perception

parapsychology

ESP aid in police cases:

are no more helpful than a random guess

stroboscopic effect

apparently motion from discrete frames

What is the binocular cue for distance?

convergence

Two parallel lines meeting at a point displays the monocular cue:

linear perspective

Rosie was listening to something and didn't hear a word her husband said:

cocktail party effect

The fact that humans can't pay attention to every stimulus going on around them demonstrates the importance of:

selective attention

Lightness constancy is due to:

relative luminance

an artist draws distant trees on top of the canvas and nearby flowers on fhe bottom:

relative height

Serena's ability to touch her mouth nose and chin while her eyes are closed:

kinesthesis

Flashing Christmas lights something:

phi phenomenon

The semicircular canals are most directly relevant to:

vestibular sense

Patients are told the video they're going to watch will have subliminal messages, and after they report feeling hungry or thirsty. however, the subliminal messages had nothing to do with hunger or thirst:

placebo