8.2-8.6 Motion in the universe
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22 Terms
What is a universe?
A large collection of billions of galaxies (and the entirety of space)
What is a galaxy?
A large collection of billions of stars
What is a star?
A large astronomical body which emits energy powered by nuclear fusion
Which galaxy is our Solar System located in?
The Milky Way
What is the order of planets in our solar system?
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
What is weight defined as?
The force acting on an object due to gravitational attraction
Fill in the gap:
The [ ] the mass of the planet, the greater its gravitational field strength
The greater the mass of the planet, the greater its gravitational field strength
True or False:
The gravitational field strenght on the surface of the Moon is more than on the Earth
FALSE: it’s less
Is it easier to lift a mass on the surface of the Moon or the Earth?
On the Moon
Which planets have greater gravitational field strengths than Earth?
Jupiter and Saturn (gas giants)
What are the gas giants?
Jupiter and Saturn
Name all the bodies which orbit the Sun [three groups]:
Planets
Comets
Asteroids
What is orbital motion a result of?
The gravitational force of attraction acting between two bodies
What does (orbital) gravitational force of attraction always do? [2 points]
always acts towards the centre of the larger body
causes the orbiting body to move in a circular path
What are the similarities in orbit between the different planets that orbit the Sun?
Elliptical orbits in the same plane and same direction
What are the differences in orbit between the different planets that orbit the Sun?
They orbit at different distances, speeds, and amounts of time
What shape is the moon’s orbit around Earth?
Circular
What shape are the orbits of comets?
Highly elliptical
Fill in the gaps:
[ ] all comets orbit in the same [ ] as the planets and some don’t even [ ] in the [ ] [ ]
Not all comets orbit in the same plane as the planets and some don’t even orbit in the same plane
Why does a comet travel fastest closest to the Sun?
The gravitational pull of the Sun on a comet deflects the comet towards the Sun and speeds it up, increasing its kinetic energy
Why does a comet have a tail pointing away from the Sun?
The Solar Wind (emitted by the Sun) melts ice away from the comet
What is the Solar Wind?
A stream of charged particles