ET III Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Esters

What are carboxylic acids (aka organic acids)?

Compounds containing one or more –COOH groups

What is the -COOH group in a organic acid called?

a carboxyl group

What is a carboxyl group?

a combination of a carbonyl =C=O and hydroxyl, -OH groups

What are organic acids derived from?

hydrocarbons in which a –CH3 group has been replaced by a –COOH group

What is the general formula for acids abbreviated as?

RCOOH

How are organic acids classified?

according to the number of carboxyl groups they contain

What are monocarboxylic acids?

Compound containing one –COOH group

What are monocarboxylic acids commonly known as?

as fatty acids

• because they occur naturally in fats and oils

What is the first method for naming monocarboxylic acids?

Substituting the –e ending of a hydrocarbon with –oic

• Methane – methanoic acid

What is the second method for naming monocarboxylic acids?

By their common name, or from the acids from which they are derived

• Formic acid – from L. formica, or “ant”

What is methanoic acids common name?

Formic acid

Describe formic (methanoic) acid

• Strongest of the monocarboxylic acids

• Colorless liquid with a pungent odor

• Has a blistering effect on the skin

• Active irritant in the defensive secretions of ants, bees, and other insects

• Excellent reducing agent and is used in the synthesis of many organic compounds

Match a photo of the structure of formic (methanoic) acid

What is ethanoic acid commonly known as?

Acetic acid

Describe acetic (ethanoic) acid

• Gives vinegar its characteristic sharp odor and taste

  • Vinegar is only 4-6% acetic acid

• Pure acetic acid is called glacial acetic due to it sometimes being frozen at room temperature into a glass-like solid

What historically take the role of blood anticoagulating agents or water-softening agents in embalming fluids?

Dicarboxylic acids

What reacts with ionized calcium in the blood forming insoluble calcium oxalate?

Oxalates

How do precipitant anticoagulants work?

By removing calcium ions in the blood (via insoluble calcium oxalate), this prevents the initiation of the blood-clotting process

Why arent precipitant anticoagulants not used very often anymore?

Because of their toxic nature

What does calcium in the blood do when interacting with sodium citrate or potassium citrate?

It cross-links two molecules of sodium citrate to form a complex that prevents ionized calcium from initiating the coagulation process

What type of anticoagulants are sodium citrate and potassium citrate?

sequestrant anticoagulants

Are normal sequestrant anticoagulants popular?

No, they are non-toxic but falling out of favor (due to bacteria enzymes that can neutralize these and make the end product worse)

What are chelates?

Substance that binds metallic ions to inhibit coagulation

What is the most commonly used chelate?

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

Describe chelates

Anticoagulant

• Excellent sequestrant with few limitations

What are esters?

Fragrant organic compounds formed by the reaction of an organic acid with an alcohol

What is the general formula for esters?

RCOOR’

Describe ethyl acetate

• Ester

• Commonly used in sealants for incisions

• Fruity odor with low toxicity

Describe methyl salicylate

• Ester

• commonly known as oil of wintergreen

• Used as a deodorant to mask the harsh smells of embalming fluids