Bio 2: LO5

archaeplastid

all members of the — clade possess chloroplasts derived from primary endosymbiosis

green algae

plants and other archaeplastids are direct descendants of —

both use the same photosynthetic pigments

What provides evidence of close relationship between plants and green algae?

cuticle

covers above-ground parts to prevent drying out on land

stomata

microscopic pores on the leaves and stems that allow for gas exchange on land

spores

reproductive cells adapted for dispersal on land due to their outer coat

sporangia

spores are produced in capsule-like structures called —

archegonia

female reproductive organs

one

How many eggs does a female archegonia produce?

antheridia

male reproductive organs

many

How many sperm does an antheridia produce?

multicellular

Plants have — reproductive organs that produce games and protect the developing embryo

unicellular

Green algae has a — reproductive system

alternation of generations

a life cycle that alternates between haploid and diploid generations

gametophyte

the haploid, multicellular generation

fertilization

fuse

diploid zygote

gametes fuse to form a —

haploid gametes

a gametophyte plant produces — via mitosis

sporophyte

diploid, multicellular generation

diploid zygote

the first stage of the sporophyte generation

multicellular embryo

the zygote develops by mitosis into a — inside the archegonium

sporangia

produces haploid spores by meiosis inside —

spore

the first stage of the gametophyte generation

the presence of absence of vascular tissue and seeds

four main groups of plants are recognized on the basis of

vascular tissue

tube cells that transport water and nutrients throughout plants and provide structural support

seed

a sporophyte embryo with nutrients inside a protective coat

nonvascualar plants

(bryophytes) lack vascular tissue and seeds, use spores for dispersal

vascular plants

have vascular tissue

vascular seedless plants

lack seeds, use spores for dispersal

seed plants

produce spores, but use seeds for dispersal (gymnosperms and angiosperms)

nonvascular bryophytes

the first plants to evolve and colonize the land

bryophytes

the only plants to retain the ancestral trait of the dominant gametophyte generation

gametophyte

in bryophytes, the gametophyte plant is large, lives longer, and protects and nourishes the sporophyte

embryo, seed coat, food storage

3 parts of a seed?

bryophytes

retained the ancestral trait of a flagellated sperm that requires external water to swim to the egg

mosses

the most common bryophytes

prevent erosion and forming soil

mosses are ecologically importing because they help …

leaves, stems, or roots

because they lack vascular tissue, bryophytes don’t have true …

vascular plants

what plants dominate modern terrestrial ecosystems?

paraphyletic

bryophytes form a — group

monophyletic

vascular plants form a — group

dominant

vascular plants have a — sporophyte generation

sporophyte

only — plants have vascular tissue and are diploid

gametophyte

the — may be dependent on the sporophyte plant for nutrition and protection