nuclear chem + subatomic particles

chemical rxns involves change in …

valence shell e —> never changes nucleus or produces a different element

nuclear rxn involves change in an atom’s

nucleus

three differences between nuclear and chemical rxns

1) NR involves more E

2) NR unaffected by temp or catalysts

3) NR don’t need to be balanced in normal sense bc elements can change identity

electromagnetic radiation

radiation consists of Photons that travel in the speed of light

gamma radiation

high E electromagnetic radiation

radioactivity isotope/ radioisotope

an unstable atomic nucleus that decays over time, emitting E to form more stable nucleus.

radionactivity

nuclear radiation emitted by a radioisotope

stable nuclei

nuclei that remains unchanged

nuclear radiation

small high energy particle

a radiation

toward negative plate, positive charge

b radiation

toward positive plate, negative charge

B+ radiation

toward negative plate, positive charge

y radiation

no deflection, uncharged

half-life

time required for half of the sample to break down

ionizing radiation

high E radiation of all kinds

geiger counters

½ detect the amount of ionizing radiation

scintillation counters

2/2 detect the amount of ionizing radiation

radiopharmaceuticals

small amounts of radioactive material used in nuclear medicine to diagnose or treat a variety of diseases

-administer intravenously

radiography

the science of medical x-rays images

CT / CAT scan

device that utilizes digital reconstruction of many x ray slices

radionuclide

radioactively labeled carrier molecules

PET and SPECT

provides 3 dimensional imgs of distribution of the radioactive tracer molecules introduced into the patient’s body

SPECT scans measure

gamma rays

PET detects …

positrons

branchytherapy

source of radiation is placed inside the body in proximity with the tumor

RMIVUXG- radiations from low to high affect

radiowaves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet waves, xrays, gamma radiations

alpha and beta particles are much more dangerous …

WHEN EMITTED WITHIN THE BODY

radiopaque

xray absorbing

nuclear radiation …

depends on the nuclide

alpha has…

2 protons, 2 neutrons

beta has…

an electron + p

gamma ray

photon

positron has …

the same mass as e- w/ positive charge (p to an e-)